The Norse Path
Sunna
Sun Goddess, Bright One
Pronounced SOO-nah
Domains
the sun · light · warmth · hope · endurance · life
Who is Sunna?
Sunna, also known as Sól in Old Norse, is the personification of the sun in Norse mythology. Her role is central to the Norse cosmological understanding of the world, serving as the bringer of light, warmth, and life. According to the Poetic Edda, particularly in the 'Grímnismál' (stanzas 37-39) and 'Vafþrúðnismál' (stanza 23), Sunna is described as driving the sun chariot across the sky, pursued by the wolf Sköll. This chase is symbolic of the eternal cycle of day and night. Her journey across the sky is not just a physical trek but represents the spiritual journey of the soul, continuously moving forward despite adversities. The chariot she drives is drawn by two horses, Árvakr and Alsviðr, whose names mean 'Early Riser' and 'Swift', respectively, further emphasizing the daily renewal and relentless motion of the sun. Sunna’s importance is further highlighted in the eschatological narratives of Ragnarök, where it is foretold that she will be devoured by Sköll, but not before she has given birth to a daughter who will continue her legacy, ensuring the continuity of light and hope even after the world’s end. This aspect of her myth underscores her domain over endurance and rebirth. Sunna is honored in many traditional Norse rituals, particularly those associated with the solstices, which mark the sun’s pivotal moments in its annual cycle. During these festivals, her life-giving warmth and light are celebrated, acknowledging her role in sustaining the world. Theologically, Sunna embodies the principle of hope — a constant, unwavering light in the face of darkness. Her brightness is a reminder of the divine presence in the world, a symbol of the spiritual illumination that guides practitioners through life’s challenges. Her presence is invoked not only to bless the physical realm with fertility and growth but also to inspire inner strength and perseverance. In contemporary practice, Sunna is revered for her resilience and her role as a guardian of life and light. She is a source of inspiration for those seeking to manifest hope and endurance in their lives, encouraging practitioners to rise like the sun each day, bringing warmth and light to their communities.
The Myths — cited to the sources
The Chariot of Sunna
Grímnismál 37-39
Sunna drives her chariot across the sky, bringing daylight to the world. Her chariot is drawn by two horses, Árvakr and Alsviðr, and she is pursued by the wolf Sköll, who seeks to devour her. This perpetual chase symbolizes the cycle of day and night.
Sunna and the End of Days
Vafþrúðnismál 23
During Ragnarök, the end of the world in Norse mythology, Sunna is foretold to be consumed by the wolf Sköll. However, before this occurs, she gives birth to a daughter who will continue her legacy, ensuring the sun's light endures beyond the cataclysm.
The Solstice Celebrations
Various Norse traditions
Sunna is celebrated during the solstices, particularly the summer solstice, when the sun reaches its peak. These festivals involve rituals that honor the sun's life-giving light, including offerings of sun-shaped bread and dances that mimic the sun's path.
Correspondences
Domains
the sun · light · warmth · hope · endurance · life
Symbols
sun wheel · solar chariot · golden disk · torch · girdle
Sacred Animals
horses (her chariot is drawn by horses)
Sacred Plants
sunflower · oak
Offerings
golden flowers (for their sun-like appearance) · honey (for its golden color) · solar symbols (crafted or drawn) · candles (representing sunlight) · incense (smoke rising to the heavens) · mead (a traditional offering in Norse culture) · bread shaped like the sun · fruits that are sun-ripened · yellow and orange gemstones · solar effigies · natural water from springs · burnt offerings at dawn
Also Known As
Sól (Old Norse name) · Sunne (Old High German context)
Day of the Week
Sunday (named after the sun)
Associated Runes
Sowilo · Dagaz
How Sunna is worshipped
To honor Sunna, practitioners may begin by setting up an altar in a place that receives ample sunlight. This altar can be adorned with symbols of the sun, such as sun wheels or gold-colored objects. Offerings should include items that represent light and warmth, such as candles, sun-shaped bread, and yellow or gold gemstones. Rituals can be performed at dawn or midday, times when Sunna's presence is strongest in the sky. During these rituals, practitioners can recite prayers to Sunna, thanking her for her light and asking for her guidance and protection in their daily lives. Meditation focused on the warmth of the sun can also be a part of these practices, envisioning Sunna's light filling and surrounding them. Solstice celebrations are an important time to honor Sunna, and practitioners might gather in groups to celebrate these occasions with communal feasts and dances that mimic the sun's path. These gatherings serve not only to honor Sunna but also to strengthen the bonds within the community, reflecting the sun's role in sustaining life and unity.
How do I start honoring Sunna?
Sunna, the Norse personification of the sun, is a goddess who brings light, warmth, and life to the world. As a beginner, you might start by learning about her role in the daily cycle of day and night, symbolized by her chariot being pursued by the wolf Sköll. Engage with Sunna by observing the sun at sunrise or sunset, and consider lighting a candle in her honor, offering thanks for the light and warmth she provides. Participating in solstice celebrations can also be a meaningful way to connect with her energy and the natural cycles she governs.
A prayer to Sunna
Hail Sunna, Bright One, who travels the sky; Your light brings warmth and life to all. Guide us through the darkness, Illuminate our path, and bless us with your strength.
Festival days
- Summer Solstice (June)
- Winter Solstice (December)
- Midsummer (June)
- Sunna's Day (March/September equinoxes)
What people get wrong about Sunna
- Sunna is often confused with a sun god, but she is a sun goddess, reflecting the Norse tradition's unique gender associations with celestial bodies.
- Some believe Sunna is a minor deity, but her role in the cosmology as a bringer of light and life is foundational to Norse mythology.
- It is a misconception that Sunna is solely about physical light; she also represents hope and spiritual illumination, guiding practitioners through life's challenges.
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