The Old Ways

❋  The Celtic Path

Celtic Paganism

The religion of the ancient Celts — the Tuath Dé, the sacred fires of Imbolc and Samhain, the druids and the bards — as the Irish Mythological Cycle, the Mabinogion, and theCarmina Gadelica preserve it, and as Celtic pagans keep it today.

Celtic paganism draws on two great literary rivers: the Irish and the Welsh. In Ireland, theIrish Mythological Cycle — preserved in the Book of the Dun Cow(c. 1100 CE) and the Book of Leinster — tells of the Tuath Dé Danann, the divine tribe who came to Ireland before the Gaels: the Dagda with his cauldron of plenty, the Morrigan of sovereignty and battle, Brigid of smithcraft and healing, Lugh of all skills, and Manannán mac Lir who rules the sea and the otherworld.

In Wales, the Mabinogion — eleven medieval tales transmitted in theWhite Book of Rhydderch and the Red Book of Hergest, translated by Lady Charlotte Guest — carries the lore of Rhiannon, Arawn, Pwyll, and the Children of Llyr into readable form. Alongside these prose texts, Alexander Carmichael's Carmina Gadelica(1900) collected prayers, blessings, and seasonal charms from the Scottish Gaelic oral tradition — the rune of the morning, the smooring of the fire, the invocations of Brigid — preserving a living devotional layer that the mythological cycles do not.

The Celtic wheel of the year turns on four fire festivals — Imbolc (Brigid's flame in February), Beltane (the first of May), Lughnasadh (harvest-tide in August), and Samhain (the opening of the otherworld at November's eve) — plus the solstices and equinoxes observed in reconstructionist practice. Every page on this path cites the sources.