CHAPTER XVII. THOROD WEDDETH JOFRID.

ON a day Odd says that it were not ill to have a little avail of the lands of Ornolfsdale : " whereas other men have wrongfully sat upon my possessions."

The women said that it were good so to do, for that the beasts were very scant of milk, and that they would milk much the better for such change. "Well, thither shall they," said Odd, "for there is much good pasture there."

Then said Thorod : " I would go with the cattle, for then will they deem it a harder matter to set on us."

Odd said he was right fain thereof; so they go with the cattle, and when they are come a long way, Thorod bids them drive the beasts where the pasture is worst and stoniest. So wears the night away, and they drive the beasts home in the morning, and when the women have milked them, they say they have never been so dry before ; wherefore the thing is not tried again.

Weareth a while away now, till on a morning early Odd falleth to talk with Thorod his son: " Go thou down along the countryside, and gather

Hen Thorir. 161

folk; for now will I drive those men from our possessions; but Torfi shall fare north over the Neck, and make this muster known, and we will meet at Stoneford."

So do they, and gather folk. Thorod and his folk muster, ninety men in all, and so ride for the ford ; thereto come first Thorod and his company, and he biddeth them ride on : "I will await my father."

Now as they come to the garth at Ornolfsdale, Gunnar was making up a wain-load ; then saith a lad who was with Gunnar: 4< Men are faring to the stead, no little company." "Yea," said Gunnar, " so it is ; " and he went home to his house, and took his bow, for he was the best shooter among men, and came nighest therein to matching Gunnar of Lithend. He had built a fair house at the stead, and there was a window in the outer door wherethrough a man might thrust out his head ; by this door he stood, bow in hand. Now comes Thorod to the house, and, going up to the house with but few men, asks if Gunnar will offer any atonement

He answers ; " I wot not of aught to be atoned for, and I look for it that before ye have your will of me, my handmaidens here will have set the Sleepthorn into some of yon fellows, or ever I bow adown in the grass."

Said Thorod : " True it is that thou art wellnigh peerless among the men that now are, yet may such a company come against thee as thou mayest not withstand, for my father is riding to the garth now with a great company, and is minded to slay thee,"

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Gunnar answered : " It is well, but I would have wished to have had a man before me ere I fall to field. But I wonder at it nowise, though thy father keep but little to the peace,"

Said Thorod : " Nay, 'tis all the other way ; we wish indeed that thou and I should make a good and true peace, and that thou stretch forth thine hand, and give me Jofrid thy daughter."

Gunnar answers : "Thou cowest me not to give thee my daughter ; yet would the match be not far from equal as to thee, for thou art a brave man and a true."

Thorod saith : " It will not be so accounted of amongst men of worth ; and I must needs give thee many thanks for thy taking this choice on such condition as befitteth."

So what with the talking over of his friends, what with thinking that Thorod had ever fared well of his ways, Gunnar stretched forth his hand, and so the matter ended.

But even therewith came Odd into the homemead, and Thorod straightway turned to meet his father, and asked him of his intent. Odd said he was minded to burn up the house and the men therein ; but Thorod answered : " Another road have matters gone, for Gunnar and I have made peace together/' And he told how the thing had betid. " Hearken to the fool ! " saith Odd ; " would it be any the worse for thee to have the woman if Gunnar our greatest foe were first slain ? And an ill deed have I done in ever having furthered thee."

Thorod answered and said ; " Thou shalt have

Hen Thorir. 163

to do with me first, if it may no otherwise be done/'

Then men go between them, and the father and son are appeased, and the end of the matter was that Thorod was wedded to Jofrid, and Odd was very ill content.

So folk go home with matters thus done, and later on men sit at the wedding, and Thorod deems his lot happy. But at the end of the winter Thorod fared abroad because he had heard that Thorwald his brother was in bondage, and he would ransom him with money ; he came to Norway, but never back to Iceland again, neither he nor his brother.

Now waxed Odd very old, and when he knew that neither of his sons would come back to him, a great sickness took him, and when It grew heavy on him, he spake to his friends, bidding them bear him up to Skaney-fell when he was dead, and saying that thence would he look down on all the Tongue ; and even so was it done.

As for Jofrid, Gunnar's daughter, she was wedded afterwards to Thorstein Egilson of Burg, and was the greatest-hearted of women. Thus endeth the story of Hen Thorin

APPENDIX,

APPENDIX.

AN ADVENTURE OF ODD UFEIGSON WITH KING HAROLD HARDRADI.

ON E summer there came west away from Iceland Odd the son of Ufeig the son of Skidi ; they had foul wind, and bore north to Finmark, and were there the winter through. And Harold Sigurdson was then king over Norway. They set sail from the north whenas spring came on. Then spake Odd to his shipmates : " This journey is with some risk," saith he, " for no man may have any chaffer with the Fins north here save by the leave of the king or his bailiff/ Moreover, that man has now the bailiwick and oversight over the Mark who is not deemed yielding in his ways, Einar Fly to wit ; so I would now fain wot how much ye have done of chaffer with the Fins." They gave out that they had had no chaffer with them. But when they came from the north down upon the island of Thiotta, a longship rowed out from the island, and headed for them, and thereon was Einar Fly.

And when the chapmen saw that, then called out Odd to them : " Be ye ready now, and beware lest the Finscat be found with you ; and if, as I misdoubt me, it is not so sure that ye have not

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had dealings with the Fins, then let us put all those goods together in one place against the ship be ransacked/ 5

Now it turned out even as Odd had guessed, and each one brought forth what he had bought, and they hid it away in such wise as Odd thought likeliest, and they had done the work before Einar overhauled them. So the longship laid the chapman aboard, and the wind was light ; but now it began to wax somewhat. Odd greeted Einar, for they knew each other. Said Einar : " Known art thou, Odd, for things that well beseem a man ; but ye have been this winter among the Fins, so mayhap your men have not been as heedful as thou against chaffering with the Fins ; and whereas in this matter we have the kings business on hand, we will ransack your ship." Odd answered and said that he was welcome to look over the lading ; and men unlocked their chests. Then Einar and his men came aboard, and fell to searching the ship over, and found nought of the Finscat. Then spoke Einar: "In sooth these men have been more heedful of their chaffering than I should have thought ; meseems we may not get to breaking the bulk much now, for the wind is waxing ; we had best begone aboard our own ship."

Then said a man a-sittingon the bulk : "This bag yet I have here ; thou hadst better have a look at what it holds within it." So he began to loosen the bag while Einar waited. It was tied round with a long rope, and the undoing thereof was slow work. Einar bade him undo in haste, and he said that so it should be; so out he took therefrom another

Appendix. 169

bag still more roped about, and it took him long or ever he might undo this one.

Then said Einar : " This is a slow business of thine ; " yet he waited still a while to see if aught might be found in his bag for which he might make a charge against him. Then out came a third bag, and when at last he got that opened there was nought therewithin but rags and things of no worth.

Spake Einar : " Wretchedest of all men ! " said he, " mocking us thus and making us tarry, till now the island is wellnigh hull down."

So Einar and his men went aboard their ship and put off, for the wind rose apace, and they might not abide by the chapman ; and such was their parting, that Einar had a stiff beating up against the wind or ever they reached Thiotta.

Then spake Odd : " Now we have got away from the masterfulness of Einar Fly, and I should deem that now a good deal lay on our not coming across King Harold/ 5

Einar sent forthwith awordto King Harold doing him to wit what had betid. And when Odd and those with him came south to Miola, they put into harbour, the wind failing them for holding on southward ; but there in the lee of that island lay King Harold with many ships. Now when they saw the chapman-keel, the king spake to his men : " Maybe we are in for a good hap, for here will be the ship of Odd Ufeigson, with whom I have an errand, nor wot I that Einar Fly has ever so thoroughly got the worst of it at any man's hands as he did in dealing with Odd and his fellows,"

So forthwith the king rowed with many men to

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the ship of the chapmen, and boarded her. Odd welcomed the king, but he answered somewhat angrily : " Thou behavest unworthily to me, Odd, in that I have ever held thee honourably, but thou has gone and chaffered with the Fins in my despite."

Answered Odd : " Fain would we have taken the land further to the south than Finmark last autumn, lord, if the wind had suffered us ; but that was within my power not to buy aught of them against thy bidding/'

Said the king : " I misdoubt me ye have done so much amiss as to deserve being tied up and hanged on the horse of tree all of you ; and even if thou shouldst not thyself have brought it about, meseems I can see it in thy men clearly enough that they will not have spared themselves in forbidden chaffer ; so we shall ransack you."

" That shall be, lord, even as thou wilt," said Odd. And now it was so done, and they found nought at all.

There was one hight Thorstein, a young man and .hopeful, a kinsman of Thorir Hound, and a friend of Odd's, and even now tending on the king ; he tarried behind on board Odd's ship when the king went away, and called Odd aside for a privy talk, and asked if they were aught guilty in this matter, saying that the king was very wroth and would make a thorough search.

"Forsooth, friend," said Odd, "we are not utterly clean of the business ; they began first of their own wilfulness to buy of the Fins, and afterwards I gave rede as to how the wares might be

Appendix. 1 7 1

hidden." " Where are those goods bestowed now ? " says Thorstein. Odd said they were all within one leathern hammock.

Said Thorstein : " The king will come here again, and have a search made ; but the hammock within which the Fin goods are, thou shalt take and lay under the king, and rear thereupon his high seat ; and I guess he will not be ware that the goods are under himself, yet is there some risk in all that."

Then Thorstein went away, but Odd did even according as he had counselled. And now the king came and set himself in the seat fitted up for him ; but his men both searched chests and broke open whatever else was deemed likeliest to hold aught ; yet was nought found which they were in search of.

The king said : " I cannot understand how this comes about, for meseems I know sure enough that the goods which we seek must be in the ship." Odd answereth: " It is an old saw, lord, that saith, ' Oft shall the guesser go astray.' "

Went the king away with his men, but Thorstein tarried behind a little while and spake to Odd : *' This shift will avail no longer, for late will the king put the search out of his mind, and next time he comes he will find out this sleight ; so let the goods now go into the sail and brail it up to the yard, for now must everything be broken up, bulk and what else/'

So Odd and those with him did even as Thorstein said, and he went away ; and when he came to the king, he asked what he was tarrying behind for. Answered Thorstein : " Need, lord, for I had to put my hose right." But the king was short thereat

172 The Saga Library.

A little after the king came aboard Odd's ship and said : " Mayhap thou didst dight that seat of mine with the Finscat,so there now shall a search be made first, and afterwards throughout the ship, and the more trouble it cost us, the harder shall ye fall."

So they searched wherever they could think of, and nought could be found

The king went a-land, but Thorstein made shift to tarry behind him and spake to Odd : " Now nought will avail you but to carry the Finscat out of the ship round yonder ness and hide the goods a-land there ; for here will the king come to-morrow, and will then deem he has found out this hiding-place, but I shall now go ashore some other way than the king has gone, so that he may the less misdoubt that I have tarried behind here. But at evening when day is done, haul up anchor and take to thy sea-craft, Odd. For otherwise the king will lay such close watch about you, that ye shall not escape ; for he is a cunning man and a headstrong in what he has once set his heart on." Odd said that Thorstein would be under-rewarded indeed for all the help he had spent on them ; but Thorstein went away, and Odd and his folk did according to his word and worked the night through.

But in the morning the king came once more and had the sail searched as well as the ship elsewhere ; and the king yet hugged his doubt as to where they might have hidden* away the goods ; but as they still failed to find them, Odd spake : " Now, lord/' said he, " surely thou mayst not doubt us further, for every rag has been unfolded on board of our ship."

Appendix. 1 73

Answered the king : " Nay, that will not be proven, and no men ever played the fool with me in such wise before; whensoever it may be paid for/' They might not hang a word on the king, so wroth he was.

So day wore, and whenas night fell, they brought the goods a-shipboard and dight them for sea. And at night-wane a wind arose, and they hove off the land.

The king awoke betimes and spoke to his men : " Now methinks I know and see through the whole shift of Odd and his folk, and belike more people have had a share therein besides those alone ; yet now I hope we shall find in their ship what we have been searching for ; but a death-guilt I might not lay on them while as yet I only had my doubts of them ; so let us now go search them." But when they came without the tilt and looked about they saw the sail of Odd far out against the islands

Then said the king : " There now will be the parting of me and Odd at this time ! But thou, Thorstein, knowest well how to back up thy friends, for of more worth thou now holdest Odd than myself, and belike thou takest after thy kin in the matter of treason."

Answered Thorstein : " This is no betrayal of thee, lord, though thou slay not Odd, who hath long been a good friend of thine, lord ; and though thou slay not many other good men also, on a doubtful guilt. And meseemeth it is true service to thee to hinder thee from such ill-hap."

So Odd and his crew sailed into the main with wind at wilL

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Then spake Odd to his crew : " Now I shall tell ;ou how things have fared, and the cause whereore I have done throughout as I have done. I bade you buy no more from the Fins than what was lawful, but to this ye were not able to pay due heed. And things being so, and we happening on Einar Fly, I said that ye should make him seemly offers, yet draw out your talk with him and hit upon many things to delay him, because I knew ye were guilt-bitten. Hence I bade you sail while he tarried, so that thus our parting might the sooner come about. Now when the king was first told that the ship was seen, he asked if that might perchance be our ship. And our friend Thorstein answered and said that those were men a-fisliing. ' Good catch,' said the king, ' he knows, who guile knows, 1 and that catch shall come to me/ Yet now we have saved our catch and got off, and for that same we have mostly to thank Thorstein."

Now Odd came out to Iceland, and fared to his household at Mel.

At that time there was wayfaring a man called Harek, a kinsman of Thbrstein's. He brought his ship into Midfirth, and in those days was great dearth here in Iceland. But Odd bade him stay with him, and all his crew as many as he would send. Odd sent out with him a gift to Thorstein, certain good stallions red of hue and white-maned, and said that he had been his life-giver. Harek fared out in summer, and happened on Thorstein, who

1 The reading of Flatey-book, svik, for ]?ik of Morkinskinna, is better. The proverb is addressed of course to Thorstein.

Appendix. 1 75

was still with King Harold, and brought him the horses, and said that Odd had sent them to him.

Said Thorsteln : " This is the worst of ill-haps to me, for but for this, that matter of Odd's might have been covered up, as well as the aid I gave them ; but now it may nowise be kept hidden, and here is trouble to hand." So Thorstein showed the horses to the king, saying that Odd had sent him them for a gift.

The king answered : " Of no gifts from Odd was I worthy ; and indeed to thee he has sent the horses, not to me ; and have them thou shalt." And he bade slay Thorstein for the guile wherewith he had dealt with the king. But all were loth thereto, for Thorstein was the best befriended of men. But Thorstein gat him away from the court, and was never after in the king's friendship.

NOTES.

NOTES.

Page xiv.

BUT bade Thorarin take heed lest the hair that lay on his tongue should twine around his head." This prophetically obscure passage is, no doubt, to be explained on the following grounds. There is an adj. " lo'Smaeltr," from " lo&nn," hairy, and " msela," to speak, thick of speech, talking thick, talking through the roof of the palate. There is also the saying, " emhverjum vefst tuiiga um hoftrS," the tongue twines itself round one's head, /.., brings him into such a trouble as may cost him his head. Thus, when the rough and ready missionary Thangbrand was on his way to the Althing, Thorvaid the Wily gathered a band against him, and with a rhyme, in which he lampooned Thangbrand, called on the poet Wolf Uggison to join him ; but the poet refused and sent him this message : *' Gaeti hann, at honum vefizt eigi tungan um hofut," let him take heed lest his tongue cost him his head" (Njdla, ch. 102). The warning was not heeded, and Thangbrand and his companion Gudleif slew Thorvaid. Accordingly, the meaning of Guest's words above should be : Let Thorarin beware lest his thick-speaking, wagging tongue may cost him his head.

Page xxxii. " Thorvaid . . . took part in the burning of Thorkel, the son of Blundketil." On this arid other disagreements between Islendingabok and Hen Thorir's saga, as, in fact, on the relation of Hen Thorir's saga in general to other historical records of Iceland, Dr. K. Maurer has written a searching and exhaustive criticism in Abhandhmgen der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philos.-philol. Classe, Bd.XIL, 2, 1870, pp. 159216.

i8o The Saga Library.

Page 2, 1. 1 5. Moonberg, Mdnaberg, the dwelling of the alleged Liot Thiodrekson, would seem to have been situated somewhere in Icefirth, further out or down the firth than Laugab61 (Bathstead, p. 38). Only two such local names can be pointed to, one on the island of Vigr, which lies some miles westward, or down the firth, from Laugab61, the other on the so-called Snowfell-strand just opposite to the island of Eiderisle, and that too is lying further west, or down the firth, than Laugab6L In the isle of Vigr this homestead of the saga cannot be sought, because the saga gives us clearly to understand that it was on the mainland itself. But there .would be nothing in the way of fixing its locality opposite to Eiderisle, on the northern side of Icefirth. Now in his JarSab6k, estate valuation register, made in the course of 1702-1714, Ami Magnusson states that Mdnaberg is the name of the place where now the out-dairy from Eiderisle is situate. Dr. KSlund has not been able to trace any recollection of the name among the present inhabitants of Snowfellstrand. But in 1805, according Johnsen's JarSatal, p. 202, the name was still known in this neighbourhood. If this name can be supposed to represent the old homestead, then Mdnaberg would have stood between Myri (Dyr&ilm^rr) and UnaSsdalr (see preface and map), and Howard dwelling west of the former house would have been in a manner sheltered against attacks from Moonberg Liot. There is nothing seriously in the way of supposing that a homestead called Moonberg might have stood here in the days of Howard the Halt

Page 2, 1. 21. " He" (Thorkel of Eiderisle) " was the Lawman of those of Icefirth." Only here and in the saga of the Svarfadardale men is mention made of this functionary during the period of the commonweal. In both cases the logma^r is invested with judicial authority. But in the earlier laws the term only means a lawyer, an expert at law. First after the union with Norway, A.D. 126264, the logmaftr comes in as a magistrate appointed by the king. It seems, perhaps, strange that in independent

Notes. 181

Iceland there should have been no local magistrates to settle contested points of law and right, as there were both in Norway and Sweden. But the matter is to a great extent explained by the fact that any man, who was, or felt himself to be, either wronged or feebly defended by the Go& whose liegeman, Jtfngma'Sr, he was, could transfer his allegiance to any other Go'Si he pleased. The saga leaves it unexplained why Howard did not do so, he being Thorbiorn's "thingman " (ch. vii. p. 24), until he had wrought his deed of revenge, when he threw himself under the protection of Eyolf the Gray. But the locality itself, where travelling is almost impossible but by sea, together with Thorbiorn's great power, were obvious obstacles in the way of such an arrangement. As for the term lawman logma^r being used here, it probably means only that the author of the saga, forgetful or ignorant of the past, foisted an institution of the thirteenth century upon the constitution of the eleventh. It must here be noted that all the law we have been dealing with is customary \ as opposed to political law ; it has no definite executive at its back; the aggrieved person and his kindred or chieftain are left to carry out its decisions if they can. Again, the " judges " are not, like the judges of political society, representatives of the executive power of the State, but are, in fact, our jurymen. We may say, in short, that the chief difference between the Customary and Political law is, that in the former, judgment withdraws protection from the condemned ; in the latter, execution follows judgment inevitably.

Page 3, 1. 25. Bear's-warmth, bjarn-ylr, refers to the exceeding warmth which people supposed was given to the blood of a bear. In old records we are not aware that any description of this quality of bears exists. But in the east of Iceland the legend is current still, that so great is the warmth of this animal that, walking over the snow in whatever frosty weather, it leaves a pool of water in every step. This is supposed to be the bear's-

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warmth proper, and it can be transmitted to human beings who are born on a bear's fell. (Islenzkar J?j6 : Ssogur, vol. i. p. 608.)

Page 4, 1. 4. Sheep-walks, afrettir, mountain pastures owned in common mostly by so and so many communes, more rarely by private people. Unto these the dry sheep were driven in spring from the home-pastures, and through these commons they roamed unlooked after till the end of September, when the communes sent out their sheep-gatherers to clear the walks. The sheep were driven down to one common fold, xvhere they were sorted by the marks cut on their ears, and afterwards driven in separate droves to their respective owners. Meantime, there are no upland sheep-walks to clear in the locality to which the saga refers.

Page 4, 1. 6. Winter-nights, vetrnsetr. The summer began on a Thursday, and consequently closed on a Wednesday. But the winter began on the Saturday following. The intervening Thursday and Friday were the winter-nights proper. The first day of summer was the Thursday that fell on April 9-15, and the last was the Wednesday that fell on October 7-13. The winternights fell respectively on October 8-9 to October 14-15 ; Saturday, the first day of winter, fell on October 1016, but in domestic computation the I4th of October was regarded as the first day of winter, as the I4th of April was that of summer.

Page 13, L 1 1, " Thorbiorn rode to the Thing a- wooing, and craved the sister of Guest Oddleifson." This is a mistake, as the fragment of Howard's saga which we have given in the preface, xiii-xv, out of the Landndmab6k shows. Thorbiorn had for wife Halldis, the sister of Liot, who dwelt at Ingialdsand. Both Liot and Guest went by the popular surname, " hinn spaki," which properly means " the tranquil," but is always applied to those who had the gift of prophecy, an imperturbable insight into the deep mysteries of fate. The part which the saga makes Guest " hinn spaki " play in Thorbiorn's

Notes. 183

affairs is evidently transferred to him from his less-known surname namesake, Liot "hinn spaki."

Page 1 6, 1. 26. " Now Thordis, Thorbiorn's sister, went out that morning of the fight, and heard the noise thereof, but might not see aught/* Here is one more instance of the author's ignorance of local details. First Olaf is made to go " ut me^ firSinum," out or down along the firth, instead of "inn me^ fir^inutn," up along the firth, since Howardstead was west of Loonsere, and consequently this place was " inn me^ firSi," up along the firth in the direction from Howardstead. Secondly. Thorbiorn landed just below Loonsere, and there the fight befell, but Thordis' home, Knoll, was more than two miles distant, up along the western side of Kaldal6n (see map), so she could neither hear nor see aught of the fight About the locality of Olafs fight Dr. Kalund says: "From the homestead the homefield stretches over a brent that leans down towards the 'ere' (above which Loonsere stands) and covers the uppermost part of the ere. Immediately down below the brent, in the midst of the green level field, is to be seen a cairn, heaped up of foreshore stones of the size of a man's fist, which presents a striking contrast to its surroundings. It is called ' Olafs ruin, 1 Olafs rust, and is accounted of as Olafs tomb, * lerSi.' " Beskr. af Island, i. 605.

Page 27, 1. 17. In Biargey's ordering Thorhall to "row towards the cutter's beam," which evidently meant that he was to row round Thorbiorn's cutter, beginning the circle from the nearer beam, so as to cross her path, and in Thorbiorn's wrath for her doing this, there must lie hidden an allusion to a popular superstition. The probability is that a person with a good fetch (fylgja, hamingja) crossing the sea-way of him whose fetch was an evil one, ill-luck, was believed thereby to have confounded the evil fetch, and hastened on to ruin the person whom it " followed."

Pages 28-29. Of the brothers of Biargey, Valbrand, Thorbrand, and Asbrand, and of their respective home-

184 The Saga Library.

steads, nothing is otherwise known. This journey of Biargey's bears on the face of itself the evidence of being a legendary adornment.

Page 42. All that is here attributed to Steinthor of Ere is, no doubt, as we have shown in the preface, p. xv, due to Eyolf the Gray of Otterdale, who, according to Landndma, was the chief that safeguarded Howard after his manslaughters.

Pages 45-46. The Thorbiorn of Ere whose sons are called here Grim and Thorstein, is in the Landndmab6k called Grim Kogr (Bantling ?), living at Brent, Brekka, and his sons are there called Sigurd and Thorkel. Here the confusion must all be on the side of Howard's saga.

Page 51. ''Now there was a man named Atli, who dwelt at Otterdale, and was wedded to a sister of Steinthor of Ere, Thordis to wit" All that here is told of Atli the Little is no doubt pure romance. Among the children of Thorlak of Ere, the father of Steinthor, the very saga of the family, the Eyrbyggja saga, knows no daughter of the name of Thordis. But it knows Thordis, Sur's daughter, sister of Gi'sli Surson, the great outlaw, whom Eyolf the Gray of Otterdale overcame at last, for which deed Thordis had nearly succeeded in killing Eyolf. It would seem as if the confusion of the Howard saga had gone so far as to join these two in marriage after changing Eyolf the Gray into Atli the Little,

The local confusion here is no less complete : " As goes the tale, the house at Otterdale was far from the highway ,and stood on the other side of the firth over against Ere." The house of Otterdale stood, as it still stands, far up the firth called Arnar-firth, which is the third considerable bay, counting from the south-westernmost point of the north-western peninsula, L4trabiarg or Biargtangar, that cuts into the land. To get by sea to it from Ere, situate on the southern shore of Broadfirth, would mean a sail not far short of a hundred miles, and yet our saga tells us that Atli got up early the same morning that Stein-

Notes. 185

thor left Ere in the cutter taken from Thorbiorn, and then found the boat so near to the landing-place beneath Otterdale, that he recognized Steinthor on board. In fact the saga has removed Ere some fifty miles, as the crow flies, to the north, and planted it on the eastern side of Arnarfirth, opposite the house of Otterdale.

Page 67, 1. 14. " In those days Earl Hakon ruled over Norway." We have shown, see preface, p. xxii, that the death of Olaf Howardson must have taken place, if not actually in the summer of A.D. 1001, at least a very short time before or after. Now after Olaf s death Howard was a bedridden man from grief for three years (cf. pages 1 8, 20, 27) ; then a fourth year passed when Howard's great affairs were settled at the Thing, in the fall of which probably he sold his house in accordance with the award given out by Guest Oddleifson (p. 64), that he should change his dwelling, " and not abide in this quarter of the land." Next he moves to Oxdale and abode there " certain winters " (p. 67), say two or three, and then he hears that Earl Hakon was dead, " and Olaf Tryggvison come to the land and gotten to be sole king of Norway " (p. 68). This news then ought at the earliest to have come to Howard about A.D. 1008, that is, thirteen years after the death of Hakon Sigurdson (ob. 995), and eight years after the death of Olaf Tryggvison (ob. 1000). It is much more likely that the Earl Hakon here meantwas Hakon Eirikson, whom Olaf Haraldson (St. Olaf) deposed 1014, he himself a zealous propagator of Christianity, becoming sole king of Norway, 1015.

Page 76, 1. 1 8. Skridinsenni is an exposed bold stretch of coast, facing the east, and running from Bitra or Bitrufirth north to the ness that marks the entrance to Kollafirth, situate in the southernmost part of the district of the Strands, in wider sense, within the present bailiwick of Strandas^sla. The Glum here mentioned was the grandson of Kjallak, who, according to the Eyrbyggja saga (ed. 1864, ch. 57), lived "at Kjallaksa (-river) of (on) By our saga Glum had come, in one way

1 86 The Saga Library.

or another, into the family property at Skridinsenni, though his father Ospak lived at Ere in Bitra. Glum, according to Eyrbyggja, was a " mere youth a few years after Snorri Go^i made Saelingsdalstongue his home," which he did A.I). 1008 a statement, by the way, which well agrees with the chronology of the Banded Men's saga, for, in ordinary circumstances, a son of his would have come to man's estate about 1050. It is not reasonable to suppose that Glum would have changed the name of his grandfather's abode on coming into the property. While therefore the property was still in the family, as it undoubtedly was at the time, or at least shortly before the time, that the events of the saga happened, Skridinsenni was a topographical, not a domiciliary term. By the time the saga was written down, perhaps more than two centuries afterwards, the interchange of the names of Kjallaksa and Skridinsenni might have taken place. At any rate, the name of the old house of Kjallaksd has for a long time been SkrrSins or .SkrftSnis or SkrrSnes-enni.

Pages 79-80. " Uspak rides to the Thing," etc. "So weareth summer : Uspak rideth to the Leet." The Leet was an assembly called together from the three Go'SorS in every Thing ; it was held at the same place as the varying or spring-mote, and was hallowed and ruled, or presided over by one of the three Go^ar of the Thing (see below). It was to be held not sooner than fourteen days after the meeting of the Althing closed, that is, from July 16-22, And it might not be held later than on the Sunday following that Saturday on which there still were left eight weeks of summer, that is, on the Sunday which O. S. fell on August 16-22. A Leet might not be shorter than u daytimes-Leet," nor longer than two-days Leet " It should be hallowed even as Things (lawful assemblies) were hallowed, and withal the right of a man increaseth at an hallowed Leet, even as it doth at a Thing. There at the Leet should all new matters in law be given out, likewise the Calendar and the observance of Ember-days, and the beginning of Lent, so

Notes. 187

also if there was leap-year, or if to summer is added, 1 also if men have to ride to the Althing before ten weeks* of summer are passed. This shall be given out by that Go& to whom it is due to hallow the Leet, unless they (the three of them) have otherwise divided it (the Leet business) between them." Grag. I. a. 111-112.

Page 86, 1. I (cf. p. 95). Days of summoning, stefnudagar, the days in spring on which summons were taken out for the vdrjring, and for the Althing in such cases as were not brought into court at the varying. These days are not otherwise defined than as being in spring. But as the rule was that summons for the Spring-thing should run fourteen days, and those for the Althing four or three weeks, the "stefnudagar" for the former, which, at its earliest, could not begin till May /th, must have fallen on and after April 23rd, for the latter, which began on June 18-24, they must have fallen on May 2ist and afterwards. Cf. Gragas I. a. 96 : u Let summons for the vdrj?ing not be taken out closer to it than that there be two weeks until that varying (meet) unto which the case is summoned." Ib. I. a. 126 : " It is right to summon all cases which do not involve levy of jurors from home, to the Althing all the time until the passing of the fifth day of the week, when seven weeks of the summer have gone by/ J *>., until the 28th of May. Ib, I. a. 179 : " All these cases" (relating to manslaughter, murder, etc., which involved levy from home of jurors) " the plaintiff having had news thereof within four weeks of summer having past, or before, he shall have summoned, at the latest, on the day following that Wednesday, when six weeks of summer are past," i.e., on May 2 1 st

Page 94, line 20, read : Gellir Thorkelson.

Page 125, line 2, read: the son of Ulvar the son of Wolf.

1 This refers to the characteristic contrivance of the Icelandic calendar called Sumarauki, summer addition, invented by Thorstein Surt, A.D. 960, described in Islendingabdk, ch. iv.

1 88 The Saga Library.

Page 125, line 21, read: Geir the Wealthy from Geirslithe.

Page 126, 1. 9. We have rendered Raufta Biorn by Red Biorn in order to retain the shortness of the original But the real rendering would be Red-iron-ore Biorn. " Rau'Sa " is the gen. sing, of " rau^i," red iron ore, haematite, for the smelting of which Skallagrim was especially noted (cf. Egil's saga, ch. xxx.). Now Red Biorn was a settler within Skallagrim's own claim, for he bought land of Skallagrim between Gorgeriver and Steamriver (Gljufrdr ok Gufdr), so he probably took up from Skallagrim the craft of smelting haematite on his land, and thereby got his nickname " Of the red ore."

Page 126, line n, read : Gunnwald, father to Thorkel who, etc.

Page 128, 1. 16. "And I know that ye shall not away out of the haven before the spring-tide," says Odd-aTongue to the Norwegian shipmaster, when he refuses to abide by Odd's fixing of the prices at which only the wares on board might be sold. Blundketil, on knowing who the chapmen were, sent his son, Herstein, "down to the Haven" to bid the master to his house. In the Landndmab6kvve read (pp. 53-54) "Haven- Worm settled lands about Melahverfi out to Charwater and Salmonwater, and up as far as Duck-Creek-water, and abode in Haven" (see the map). In describing Haven, Hdfn, from personal inspection, Dr. Kdlund says : " A little to the south from the homestead is formed the small bight, called Belgsholts-Creek. This, it is evident, has given the homestead its name (Haven). The bight can be entered only by high water, all the parts outside being practically laid dry at ebb. Inside the narrow entrance, through which a strong current runs, up towards the cliffs of the strand a pool is formed, a little bend or bow with calm water of some depth, which must have offered a particularly suitable anchorage for small vessels. This inlet, which, no doubt, was pretty frequently used as harbour in ancient times, is especially bespoken in the

Notes. 189

saga of Hen Thorir." This corroborates the accuracy of the saga all but completely. The Norway ship has evidently gone to anchor on a spring-tide, and has been too deep-going to get away by neap-tide.

Pages 130-131. The months mentioned here, Thorri, Goi, and One-month " Einmdnu^r " are the last three of the winter season. The historical year began at this time in Iceland, as practically it did throughout western Christendom, on Christmas day with, in Iceland, its heathen vigil, as it were, Yule eve. But there is every probability that, from the time the office of the speakerat-law was created, there co-existed with the historical the legal year, that began on the Icelandic midsummer's Sunday, which fell on July 22nd to 28th. It stands to reason, namely, that the speaker, having at the close of each Althing session to deliver to the Go'Sar the calendar of the ensuing year, in order that they again might publish the same to their thingmen at the Leets in the course of July and August, should have chosen a convenient point of time to start from. The above date was obviously convenient, "Midsummer" being a date term familiar to every peasant in the country. Hence the old order of the months In the vulgar calendar of Iceland :

I. Heyannir (Hay toil) .... July August II. KornskurtSarmanu^r, or Tvfmanu^r (Corn shearing or Twainmonth) Aug. September,

III. Haustmanuftr (Harvest-

month) ....... Sept October.

IV. Gormanuftr (Slaughter-

month) Oct. November.

V. FrermdnirSr (Frost-month) . Nov. December. VI. Hnitmdnuftr or Morsugur

(Ram-month or Fat-sucker) Dec J anuary.

VII. Thorri Jan. February.

VIII. Goi Feb. March.

190 The Saga Library.

IX. Einminu'Sr (One [ = last

Winter-] month) .... March April. X. GaukmdnirSr (Cuckoo) or Sa^tte (Seedtide) or Harpa (Harp = Songbirds'-

month?) April May.

XL EggtfiS (Eggtide) or StekktflS * May June. XIL S61mdnu^5r or Selmdnu^Sr

(Sun or Dairy-month) . . June July.

Only Thorri, Goi, Einmanu'Sr, and Tvimdnu^r are mentioned in the sagas. All the months are enumerated in Snorra Edda's Skdldskaparmal (S. E., i. 510-512), only Snorri starts with " Haustmanu^r," which began about the autumnal equinox, Sept. 20-26 ; but that is not to be taken tg mean that he regarded " Haustmdnu'Sr " as the first month of the year. In collecting for the use of poets the various terms for divisions of time, he comes to the terms of the seasons, and starts from the autumnal equinox ; so, in order to keep to the logical nexus of his argument, he begins his enumeration of the months from the same time mark. But we may also mention that the oldest computistic treatise in Icelandic literature (Cod. Reg., 1812, 4to., Royal Lib. Copenh.) starts its enumeration of the months with September, on the ground that it is the first month in the cycle of the Epacts, the term meant being September 23. Did Snorri Sturluson actually handle this precious volume, which, as it now exists, was written at least forty years before his death, and base on it his list of the months ?

Page 152, 1. 15 foil. "So when the boards were set, Herstein the bridegroom leapt up and over the board to where was a certain stone ; then he set one foot upon the stone and spake: 'This oath I swear hereby, that be-

1 " Stekkr," a fold for young lambs. The period from the time the ewes lamb (May) till the time of the so-called "fraTaerur," when the lambs are weaned from the dams (end of June), is popularly called " stekktifc." During that time the lambs are kept at night inside a fold under roof

Note^s. 191

fore the Althing is over this summer I shall have Amgrim the priest made fully guilty, or gained self-doom else/ " etc.

This is one of the many instances we meet with in the Icelandic sagas of solemn vows, usually of a desperate character, being made on festive occasions. Already in the ancient lay of Helgi Hiorvardson (Older Edda) the custom is mentioned : "King Hiorvard Hd made a vow to this end that he should marry the goodliest woman he should come to know of." In Ynglinga saga (ch. 40), a very interesting description is given of the ceremony observed when vows were taken in style, as it were. Ingjald the Evil-minded, the* Over-king at Upsala, on succeeding his father, made a great " arvel," feast, to which he invited six neighbouring kinglets, for whom he had six high seats fitted up in a new banqueting hall " It was a wont of those days, when an arvel was to be made after kings or earls, that he who made the feast and was to be 'lead to heritage' should sit on the ledge (footstool) before the high seat all the time until the bringing in of that bumper which was called ' Bragi's Bumper/ Then he must rise up against BragFs Bumper, and make a vow and quaff the bumper afterwards. Thereupon he should be led to the high seat that was his father's; and then he had come into all the heritage the father had left. Now in this same wise this was done here. And when Bragi's Bumper came in, King Ingjald rose and took in hand a mighty horn of a wild ox, and he made the vow that Be should widen out his kingdom by half towards every side or else die. Whereupon he quaffed off the horn. And when men were drunk in the evening, King Ingjald spake to Folkvid and Hulvid, the sons of Svipdag, and bade them beweapon themselves and their men even as had been settled earlier in the evening. So they went out to the new hall and brought fire up to it, %nd therewith it began to burn. And therewithin there burned six kings with all their folk, but those who sought to get out were

192 The Saga Library.

swiftly cut down. Thereupon King Ingjald made himself master of all the lands these kings had owned, and gathered tribute from them/'

A wiser vow, made for a nobler end, was that of Herstein, the son of Earl Atli the Slender of Gaular in Norway, as recorded in the F16atnanna saga (Fornsogur, Leipzig, 1860, p. 121). Ingolf, son of Orn, the first settler in Iceland, together with his foster-brother Leif (Hiorleif), invited the sons of the earl, Hastein and Herstein, to a banquet, at which Herstein cast fond glances at Helga, the sister of Ingolf, "the goodliest and the best-mannered of women/ 1 and made a vow that her he would have for wife or no woman else. " Said he, he had been the first to begin this play, * and now, Ingolf, it is thy turn/ quoth he. Answered Ingolf: 'Let Herstein now have his say first, for he is the wisest of us, and the first in all matters whatsoever/ Then Hastein said : ' This vow I make that, though I be beholden to men, I shall not twist a right judgment aside if the same be entrusted to me on faith/ Said Herstein : ' This vow of thine is not at all by so much the more. discreet that thou art counted wiser than we are, or what dost thou mean to do, if thou hast to give out an award concerning friends or foes ? ' Hastein answered : * Thereto I mean to see myself/ " As it happened, his next award was to deprive the foster-brothers of their lands and goods, and to exile them from their country of Firdir, an award which was the immediate cause of Iceland being settled.

The blind belief in the sanctity and inviolability of these vows, once made, no matter how unwisely, is well illustrated by the story of the vow of Hrafnkel Frey's priest (Hrafnkelssaga, pp. 5 and 8) : " Hrafnkel owned a choice thing which he prized above whatever else ; it was a horse which he called Frey-Faxe, Half of that horse he gave to his friend Frey. For this horse he had so great a love that he made a vow to put to death anyone who durst ride it without his leave. ... In the

Notes. 193

morning he has a horse fetched and saddled, and rode up to the mountain dairy. In blue raiment he rode, axe in hand, but with no more of weapons. Then Einar (his shepherd) had just driven the ewes into the fold and lay on the wall thereof counting his flock while the women were a~milking. They (his servants) greeted him, and he asked how they were getting on. * It has gone awkwardly with me/ said Einar, * I have missed thirty ewes for a week, but have now found them at last.' Hrafnkel said he had no fault to find on that score. * But hast thou not done something worse ? Didst thou not have a ride on Faxe the other day ? ' Einar said he might not gainsay that utterly. * Why didst thou ride on this horse which was forbidden thee, seeing thou hadst plenty of other horses to choose from, which thou wast free to use ? Now I should have forgiven thee this one case, had I not made such a solemn vow about it already, because, moreover, thou hast owned to it in a manly wise/ But whereas he believed that such men who should break their own vows never would come to aught good, he leapt off his horse and upon Einar and dealt him a death-wound then and there."

Numerous other instances might be added, notably the famous vows of the Jomsvikings, which brought them to their ruin in the reputed battle of Hiorungavog against Earl Hakon of Norway, about A.D. 994 (Jomsvikinga saga) ; King Harold Hairfair's vow (Heimskringla) ; Hroald Haraldson's, the bow-breaker's (Hord Grimkelson's saga), Emperor Otto the First's (Jomsvikinga saga), etc.

Page 161, 1. 25. " My handmaidens." His arrows, to wit For the " sleep-thorn," here used for the long sleep of death, see Volsunga saga, chap. xx.

INDEX.

INDEX.

I. PERSONS.

ALF-A-DALES, Alfr i Dolum, 154.

AN, Ann, a horneman of Asbrand of Asbrandstead, and fosterer of his son, Hallgrim, joins Howard's band of revenge, 3 2 ; slain by Brand the Strong, 36; atoned at the Althing, 64.

ARI the Learned, author of Islendingabok and Landnama, xii, xiii, xxii.

ARNDIS, Arndis, daughter of Hedin, wife to Hedin, the father of Halla, xviii.

ARNGRIM, Arngrimr,the Priest, son of Helgi, dwelt at Northtongue, 125 ; gives his son Helgi in fostering to Hen Thorir, 127; refuses to listen to Hen Thorir*s slandering of Blundketil, 135-137 ; warns Thorwald, son of Odd-a-Tongue, not to take up HenThorir's case against -Blundketil, 138-140; yet joins in summoning Blundketil and in burning him in

- his house, 140, 142, 143 ; gathers forces to defeat Thord GelhVs blood-suit

after Blundketil, 153; is made a full outlaw at the Althing, and goes abroad an exile, .158.

ASBRAND, Asbrandr, Biargey's brother, 29.

ASDJS, sister to Liot the Sage, wife of Ospak Osvifson, xiii, xiv.

ASMUND, Asmundr, the Longhoary, father of Thordis, the wife of Glum of Skridinsenni, 76.

ATLI "the Little, 1 * "the Miser" of Otterdale, his miserly ways and abuse of Steinthor of Ere, his brotherin-law, 5 1-55 ; his bounteous ways and praises of Steinthor, 55; shelters Howard and his followers, while Steinthor goes to the Althing, 57-65; his dream, warning of advancing foes, 59, 60 ; his fight with the Dyrafirthers, 60-63 1 honours paid to him at Howard's triumphal banquet, 66.

BANDED MEN, The, their plot to ruin Odd of Mel, 94 ;

The Saga Library.

are rated -all round by old Ufeig of Reeks, 110-112; their plot foiled, and their angry bandying of words with Egil Skulison, 113-117.

BERGTHOR, BergjxJrr, of Bodvarsknolls, the judge who summed up the case for Uspak Glumson's outlawry > 120.

BERSI, son of Halldor, the son of Gunnbiorn,father to Thermo d Coalbrowscald, xvL

BIALFI, a half-witted brother to Mar Hildison of Swalastead, wounds Uspak mortally, 120, 121.

BIARGEY, daughter of Valbrand, xvi-xvii ; wife of Howard the Halt, 2 ; her brave behaviour in her grief for the loss of Olaf, 18-30; urges Howard to claim atonem ent of Thorbiorn, 1 9 ; again to seek atonement at the Althing, 20, 21 ; her meeting with Thorbiorn on the sea, 27 ; rouses Howard to the revenge of Olaf for the last time, 30, 31 ; entertains with Howard at a feast Guest Oddleifson, Steinthor of Ere, and Atli of Otterdale, 66, 67 ; goes with Howard abroad, is christened, and dies that same winter, 67, 68.

BLUNDKETIL, Blundketill, son of Geir the Wealthy, dwelt at Ornolfsdale, 125,126; the wealthiest and best beloved

of men, 126; bids to his home Erne, the Norwegian shipmaster, in spite of Odda-Tongue, 129, 130; craves, when hay harvest fails, his rents in hay, and orders his tenants to cut down their live stock accordingly, 130; his kind-heartedness as a landlord, 131,132; goes with his tenants to Hen Thorir to bargain for hay, 132-135 ; is burnt in his own house by Thorwald, Odd-a-Tongue's son, in company with Hen Thorir and Arngrim the Go^Si, xxxi, 142, 143 ; Thord GeluYs account of him, 149, 150 ; award for his burning given out at the Althing, 158.

BRAND, Brandr, the Strong, of the household of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, 2 ; gets Olaf Howardson to rid him of the ghost of Thormod of Bank, 10, n ; rouses Thorbiorn's jealousy of Olaf by praising him for the deed, n, 12; prevents Thorbiorn slaying Thorhall and maiming Biargey, 28; slain by Hallgrim Asbrandson, 35, 36 ; atoned at the Althing, 64.

BURISLAV, King of Gardar (Russia), xviiL

DAGSTYGG (Dayshy), King of

the Giants, xviii. DYRI of Dyrafirth, next of

Index.

account to Thorarin the Priest," a fictitious character, plans with Thorarin the priest of Dyrafirth an armed onset on Atli of Otterdale, and rides with Thorarin to the Althing, 58 ; agrees to Guest Oddleifson's settling of peace between the kin of Thorbiorn and Howard, 63, 64; heavily censured by Guest for his double-dealing* 6 5-

GIL, Egill, the son of Skuli, one of the Banded Men (he was the great-grandson of Egil Skallagrimson), 94, 96 ; how he was bribed out of the plot of the Banded Men by Ufeig, " the old carle," 971 03 ; undertakes to be jointawarder with Gellir Thorkelson in Odd's bribery case, 113; and to defend the same before the Banded Men, 1 1 3- 1 1 7 ; goes to Odd's bridal, 1 1 8.

EGIL, son of Valastein, xiv.

EINAR Fly, Einarr Fluga, the king's bailiff over Finmark, 167-169,

EINAR, Einarr, son of Jarnskeggi, 105.

ELIN (Helen), daughter of Burislav, King of Gardar (Russia), xviii.

EREMEN, the descendants of Stemthor of Ere, 104.

ERIC, Eirikr, King of Upsala, xviii.

ERNE, Orn, a Norwegian shipmaster, 127; refuses to abide by Odd-a-Tongue's appraising of his wares, 128 ; goes in his despite to Blundketil's house, 129, 130 ; hearing of Hen Thorir having insultingly summoned Blundlcetil, he shoots an arrow after the summoning band and kills. Helgi, .Arngrim Gobi's son, on the spot, 141-143; is burnt in BlundketiFs house,

143-

EYOLF, Eyjolfr (or Eyjiilfr), the Gray of Otterdale, shelters in his old age Howard the Halt after the slaughter of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, xv, xxii.

EYIULF, son of Valbrand, one of Howard's band of revenge, 28, 32, 38, 39, 40, 61, 62; banished the land during the lifetime of Thorarin, the priest of Dyrafirth, 64.

EYVIND, Eyvindr, the Eastman, father to Snaebiorn and Helgi the Lean, xviL

EYVIND Knee, a settler in Icefirth (see map), greatgrandfather to Biargey, the wife of Howard the Halt, xvi

GEIR the Wealthy, Geirr hinn auftgi, son of Ketil Blund, 125.

GEIRBIS, mother of Howard, 41, in the verse.

The Saga Library.

GELLIR, not Thordson, but Thorkelson of Holyfell, the grandfather of Ari the Learned, one of the Banded Men, 94 n. ; is bribed by old Ufeig out of the plot of the Banded Men, 103-108; undertakes to be a jointjudge with Egil Skulison in the bribery case of Odd, and to give out the award, 113 ; gives one of his davighters in marriage to Odd, and attends the bridal, n8; died at Roskilde in Denmark, 1073, xxvii.

GLXJM, Gltimr, son of Uspak Kjallakson, of Skridinsenni, 76.

GORM, Gorinr, a Swedish duke, xviii.

GRETTIR the Strong, 76.

GRIM, Grimr, son of Thorbiorn of Ere (probably the same as the Landnma, p. 145, calls Sigurd, son of Grim Kogr), slays Liot of Redsand, and joins Howard's band at Steinthor of Ere's, 46-49, 61, 62; banished the land for the lifetime of Thorarin the priest of Dyrafirth, 64.

GRIM KOGR, father of Sigurd and Thorkel, who slew Liot the Sage, xiii-xv.

GRIMOLF, Grim61fr, son of Olaf Evenpate, xvii,

GRiOTGARTH,Grj6tgar$r, Earl of Hladir m Norway, uncle to Earl Hakon, xiii.

GROA, daughter of Herfinn and Halla, wife of Hroar and mother of Sl&tu-Biorn, xviii.

GUEST Oddleifson, Gestr Oddleifsson, of Mead on Bardstrand, the northern shore of Broadfirth (see note to p. 1 3), visits Liot the Sage, xiv ; gives his sister in marriage to Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, 13 ; forces Thorbiorn to make atonement in threefold weregild for Olaf Howardson, 24-26 ; settles peace for Howard at the Althing, 63-65.

GUNNAR, Gunnarr, son of Hlifar, married to Helga, the sister of Thord Gellir, 146; forced by Thorkel Welt to promise his daughter Thurid, the foster-daughter of Thord Gellir, in marriage to Her stein, the son of Blundketil, 146-148; and then first knows of BlundketiFs burning, and that Herstein is a homeless orphan, 148, 149 ; beguiles Thord Gellir to betroth in his own name Thurid to Herstein, before telling him anything of the burning of Blundketil, 149-151 ; his vow at the bridal of Herstein, his son-in-law, 152 ; flits his house to Ornolfsdale, 155 ; refuses Thorod, Odd-aTongue's son, his daughter, while at enmity with the latter, 159, 1 60; is set upon

Index.

20 1

by Odd-a-Tongue, but defended by Thorod, who makes peace between them, 160-163.

GUNNAR, son of Valbrand, and brother to Biargey, xvL

GUNNBIORN, Gunnbjorn, son of Wolf the Crow, discoverer of Gunnbiorn Skerries, xvi.

GUNNLAUG, mother of Ufeig of Reeks, 73.

GUNNSTEIN, Gunnsteinn, son of Gunnbiorn, xvi.

GUNNWALD, Gunnvaldr, son of Red Biorn, brother to Thorkel Welt, 126.

HAKON, Earl of Norway, A.D.

97<5-995> 67. HALL, Hallr, son of Styrmir of

Asgeirswater, 105. HALLA, mother to Thorgils,

kinsman of Guest Oddleif-

son, 24. HALLA, daughter of Hedin,

wife to Herfinn, the son of

Thorgils, xviii. HALLDIS, sister to Liot the

Sage, married to Thorbiorn

Thiodrekson, xiii. HALLDOR, Halld<5rr, son of

Gunnbiorn, xvi. HALLGRIM, Hallgrfmr, son of

Asbrand, one of Howard's

band of revenge, 29, 32, 33,

38, 39, 41, 42, 5 6 > 6l > 6 * ;

banished the land for the

lifetime of Thorarin the

priest of Dyrafirth, 64.

HALLGRIM, son of Vaibrand, and brother to Biargey, xvi.

HAROLD, Haraldr, "Har$- r3i" (cruel-minded), son of Sigurd, King of Norway, 1046-1066, xxvi, in; hoodwinked by Odd Ufeigson, 169, 170.

HARDREF, HarSrefr, father to Thorgrim, the father to Liot the Sage, xiii,

HAREK, Harekr, a kinsman of Thorstein Odd Ufeigson's friend, takes stallions to Norway as a gift for Thorstein, 174, 175.

HEDIN, H^inn, father to Arndis, the wife of Hedin, the father of Halla, the wife of Herfmn, xviii.

HEDIN, father to Halla, the wife of Herfinn, xviii.

HELGA, sister of Thord Gellir, wife of Gunnar, son of Hlifar, 146.

HELGA, daughter of Thorgeir of Withymere, wife of Thorkel, son of Guir^wald,

126 ;/.

HELGI, son of Arngrim, the priest of Northtongue, 125; is fostered by Hen Thorir,

127 ; refutes openly all Hen Thorir's slandering of Blundketil, 136, 137; goes with Hen Thorir to the summoning of Blundketil, 140 ; is slain by an arrow-shot of Master Erne's, 141, 142.

HELGI, son of Hogni, father to

2O2

The Saga Library.

Arngrim, the priest of Northtongue, 125.

HELGI, son of Red Biorn, and brother to Thorkel Welt, dwelt at Hwamm in Northwaterdale, 126 j with his brother, Thorkel Welt, he joins Thord Gellir in the suit for the burning of Blundketil, 154.

HELGI the Lean, the settler of

' the whole of Eyiafirth, xvii, xx, xliv, xlv.

HEN THORIR, Haensa-]?6rir, a tramping pedlar, amongst other things, in poultry, wherewith he grew so wealthy that he became a landowner, with his seat "at Water" up from North tongue, 126; persuades Arngrim the priest to give him his son Helgi to bring up, 127 ; amasses wealth, yet is in ill favour of folk, ib. ; refuses to sell aught of his over-plenty of hay to Blundketil for his tenants, 132-135; he goes to visit neighbours to tell them how he has been robbed by Blundketil, 135-137 ; bribes Thorwald, son of Odd-a-Tongue, to set up a law-case against Blundketil, 137-140; brings about the burning in his house of Blundketil, 142, 143; is summoned to the Spring court of Thingnessby Thord Gellir, 153; vanishes from the countryside, ib. ; lays an

ambush for Herstein, but is killed himself, 158.

HERFINN, Herfinnr, son of Thorgils, the son of Gorm a Swedish duke, xviii.

HERGRIM, Hergrimr, son of Thorgils, the son of Gorm, a Swedish duke, xviiu

HERMUND, son of-Illugi the Black of Gilsbank, one of the Banded Men (he was an older brother of Gunnlaug the Wormtongue, and must have been by this time a very old man), 94, 96 ; for his part in the plot against Odd of Mel, see Banded Men; he sets out with a band of men to burn Egil of Burg in his house, but dies on the way, 119.

HERSTEIN, Hersteinn, son of Blundketil, 126; befriends Erne, the Norwegian shipmaster, 128, 129; staying with his foster-father Thorbiorn, on the night of his father's burning within, he has a. dream telling him of the event, 143; goes with Thorbiorn for help and counsel to Odd-a-Tongue, 143; witnesses him hallow to himself, by fire, his patrimony, 144; and his fosterfather moving in wizard's manner all goods and live stock from the burnt house westaway-ward to Swigniskarth, 144, 145 ; his vow at his own wedding feast, 152;

Index.

takes up his abode at Gunnarstead, 155 ; goes to Ornolfsdale when other folk have gone to the Thing, 156; escapes being betrayed into Hen Thorir's ambush, and slays him, and rides with his head to the Althing,

157, I5&

HOGNI, Hognt, son of Halldor, father to Helgi, the father to Arngrim the priest,

125-

HOLMSTEIN, H<51msteinn, son of Snaebiorn of Waterfirth, xvii.

HOWARD THE HALT, HavarSr halti, xv-xxiii ; dwelt at Blue mere, a whilom viking and of good blood, i ; chafes under the slanders of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, 7; his converse with Thorgerd of Bank, 7, 8 ; is robbed by Thorbiorn of a whale, 9, 10 ; flits across Icefirth out of Thorbiorn's into his own kindred's neighbourhood, and builds a house called Howardstead, xix-xxi, 12 ; his grief for the death of his son Olaf, 18-27; claims atonement of Thorbiorn, and is ill-treated by him, 19; rides on the same errand to the Althing, is befriended by Guest Oddleifson, but brutally insulted by Thorbiorn, 21-27; slays Thorbiorn in revenge for his son, 5~39 1 slays Liot of Moon-

berg, 38-41 ; is sheltered by Steinthor of Ere and Atli of Otterdale, 42-65 ; peace settled for him by Guest Oddleifson at the Althing, 63, 64 ; gives a great feast in honour of Guest and Steinthor and Atli, 66, 67 ; flits to Oxdale off Swarfadardale, 67 ; goes abroad, and is christened, and comes back with much church timber, and settles in Thorhallsdale, and dies, 68.

HROAR, father to SlSttu-Biorn, xvlii.

HROMUND, Hromundr (son of Thorir), a settler, 125.

INGIGERD, IngigerSr, sister to Dagstygg, queen of King Burislav of Gardar, xviii.

JARNGERD, Jarnger^r, mother of Ufeig of the Skards, 73,

JARNGERD, daughter of Ufeig Jarngerdson of the Skards, mother of Gunnlaug, the mother of Ufeig of Reeks,

73-

JARNSKEGGI, son of Emar Eyolfson brother to Gudmund the Mighty of Modruvellir in Eyiafirth in the North, a Banded Man, 94.

JOFRID, JofrfSr, daughter of Gunnar the son of Hlifar, 146 ; marries Thorod, son of Odd-a-Tongue, 159-163; after one year or so she

The Saga Library.

marries Thorstein of Burg,

the son of Egil, 163. JOFRID, daughter of Odd-a-

Tongue, 125, JORUN, Jorunn (daughter of

Helgi), wife of Odd-a-

Tongue, 125, 154.

KETIL BLUND, Ketill Blundr,

a settler, 125. KOLSKEGG, Kolskeggr, the

Learned, xii, note 2.

LIOT THE SAGE, Ljdtr spaki, of Ingialdsand, son of Thorgrim, xiii ; slain by the sons of Grim Kogr, xiv, xv.

LIOT, al. Holmgangliot, Ljdtr, H<51mg6ngu-Lj<5tr, of Redsand, a spurious character fashioned out of Liot the Sage of Ingialdsand (see preface, pp. xiii-xv), 45 ; his difference with Thorbiorn of Ere about a watermeadow, 46; is set upon and slain by the sons of Thorbiorn, 47, 48; no atonement for him awarded at the . Althing, 64.

LIOT, reputed "brother to Thorbiorn, and in all wise as like him as might be," is otherwise unknown as one of the sons of Thiodrek, 2 ; is attacked and slain in his house by Howard and his band, 38-41,

MAR, Marr, son of Hildir, the

second husband of Swala, murdered by Uspak, 1 20.

NESTOR, the historian of Russia, xviii.

ODD, Oddr, Thorbrandson, one of Howard's band of revenge, 29, 32, 39, 41, 61, 62 ; banished the land for the lifetime of Thorarin, the priest of Dyrafirth, 64,

ODD, Oddr, son of Ufeig of Reeks, grows up in little favour with his father, 73, 74 ; leaves home, and makes money by fishing and carrying cargoes between Midfirth and the Strands, 74, 75 ; he takes to trading abroad, and was oft with lords and men of dignity, 75 ; buys the estate of Mel, and is accounted the richest man in Iceland, 76 ; takes in Uspak Glumson, and likes him well, 76, 77; takes up or buys a new Go^Sor^S, 77 ; gives his house and Goftor^S in Uspak's charge while going abroad, 78-80 ; returns and forces Uspak to hand over to him his Go^SorS, Si, 82; misses forty wethers at autumn folding, and lays the theft on Uspak, % ; bargains with his kinsman Vali to find out the truth, 83, 84; goes to summon Uspak, but is hoodwinked by Swala, 86 ; pro-

Tndex.

secutesUspakat the Althing and loses the case, 87-89 ; wins it again through the guiles of his father, 90-93 ; is informed .by his father of the plot of the Banded Men, 95 ; he brings all his wealth in chattels on board ship in Ramfirth, 97 ; hears from his father how his case was won, 117; sails to Orkney, and coming back marries a daughter of Gellir Thorkelson, 117-119 ; adventure with Einar Fly, 167-169 ; hoodwinks King Harold, 169-174,

ODD-A-TONGUE, Tungu-Oddr, son of Onund Broadbeard, a Go^i, " not held for a man of fair dealings," 125 ; as GO& he claims to settle the prices of Erne the Norwegian's imported wares, 127, 128; lets the matter rest, on knowing that Blundketil has befriended Erne, 130 ; will have nought to do with Hen Thprir's slanders of Blundketil, 137 ; gathers forces to oppose Thord Gellir at the spring-mote of Thingness, 153; meets him at Whitewater with overwhelming force, so Thord, after some fighting and loss of men, has to retire, 154; goes to the Althing and fights again with Thord, but is over-mastered,, and "it went heavily with him," 155-

158; sets on Gunnar of Ornolfsdale with intent to burn him in his house, but is prevented by his own son, Thorod, who makes peace between them, 160-163.

OGMUND, Ogmundr, son of Valastein, xiv.

OLAF Evenpate, Olafr Jafnakollr, a settler in Icefirth (see map), xvii.

OLAF Feilan, father to Thord Gellir, xxxii.

OLAF, son of Howard, xvxviii, "young of years, the doughtiest of men," etc., 2 ; he had " bear's-warmth," bjarn-ylr (and is therefore sometimes in Icelandic folk-lore called O. Bear'sWarmth), 3 ; his luck in finding missing sheep in autumn, 4-6 "; visits Sigrid, Thorbiorn's housekeeper, 5 ; his wrath at being slandered for theft, 7 ; his fight with the ghost of Thormod of Bank, 8-1 1 ; his fight with Thorbiorn, and death, 1418; the date of the event, xxii ; atonement awarded for him at the Althing, 63.

OLAF Tryggvison, King of Norway, 995-1000, 67, 68.

ONUND Broadbeard, Onundr BreftSskeggr, a land-settler, son of Ulfar the son of Wolf of Fitiar, father to Odd-a-Tongue, 125.

ORLIG, Orlygr, the Old, son of Hrapp, a settler, 125.

2O6

The Saga Library.

ORNOLF, Orndlfr, a goodman who tries to betray Herstein into Hen Thorir's ambush, 156-158.

OSPAK, Ospakr, Osvifson, xiii.

RANVEIG, daughter of Earl

Griotgarth, mother to Liot

the Sage, xiii. RED BIORN, Rau^Sa-Bjorn (see

note to p. 126), a settler,

126.

SCART, Skarfr, son of Thordis of the Knoll the sister of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, 3 ; falls fighting against Olaf Howardson, 17 ; judged unworthy of atonement at the Althing, 64.

SIGRID, SigrfSr, " young and high - bora, " Thorbiorn Thiodrekson's housekeeper, 1,3, 4; goes from Thorbiorn of Bathstead to live with Thoralfof Loonsere, 13, 14; warns Olaf Howardson not to fight with Thorbiorn, 14 ; disappeared on the day that Olaf fell, andwasnever heard of again, 18.

SIGURD, SigurSr, son of Grim, the slayer of Liot the Sage, xiii-xv.

SKEGGBRODDI, son of Biarni, from Hof in Weaponfirth, in eastern Iceland, one of the Banded Men, 94, 97.

SKIDI, father of Ufeig of Reeks, 73-

SLETTU-BIORN, son of Hroar, a settler of Skagafiord, xviii.

SN^EBIORN, Snsebjorn, son of Egvind the Eastman, a settler in Icefirth, xvii.

SN^BIORN Gait, Snaebjorn Galti, son of Holmstein the son of Snsebiorn, xvii.

SNORRI the Priest, GO&, 104.

SNORRI, son of Kalf, a descendant of Odd of Mel, 121.

STEINGRIM, Steingrfmr, son of Eyolf the Gray, xv, xxii.

STEINOLF, Steindlfr, the Short, a settler in Saurby in the Dales, in western Iceland, xviii.

STEINTHOR of Ere, Steinjjdrr af Eyri (see preface, p. xv), a mighty chief from Broadfirth, befriends Howard, coming to the Thing to claim atonement of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson for his son Olaf, 21-23 ; shelters Howard and his band after the slaughter of Thorbiorn and Liot of Moonberg (see preface, p. xv), 41-45 ; takes in the slayers of HolmgangLiot, 48-50 ; his chief-like safe-guarding of Howard and

. the sons of Thorbiorn of Ere, 49-53, cf.xv ; his visit to Atli the Little of Otterdale, 5 I -55 ; g es to tne Althing and acts with Guest Oddleifson in settling peace for Howard, 63-65 ; his daughters referred to as of marriageable age, 104.

Index.

STVRLA, son of Thiodrek, brother to Thorbiorn, 27, 34 ; slain by Torfi Valbrandson, 36-38 ; weregild settlement for him at the Althing, 63 ; a mistake of the saga, for Sturla never went to Icefirth, but abode in Saurby, and lived long after Thorbiorn's death.

STYRMIR of Asgeirswater, son of Thorgeir, a Go&, one of the Banded Men, combines with Thorarin of Longdale to upset Odd's case against Uspak, 87, 88 j sets afoot with Thorarin a plot to ruin Odd, 94 ; summons Odd for having brought bribes into court, 95 ; comes to the Althing, 96; bears the chief part in the plot of the Banded Men, 98 ; is severely rated by "Old Ufeig," no.

SWALA, Svala, " a fair woman and a young/' of Swalastead in Willowdale, prays. Uspak to take over the charge of her house, 80 ; she betroths herself to and marries Uspak, and goes to live with him at Mel, 81 ; saves Uspak from Odd's attack, 86 ; married a second time to Mar, son of Hildir, 120.

SWART, Svartr, a thrall at Ere, 56.

THIODREK, Jjjdftrekr, son of Stettu-Biorn, moves his

home from Saurby to Icefirth, xviii.

THIODREK, son of Sturla Thiodrekson, 27, 34, 63.

THORA, Jdra, daughter of King Eric of Upsala, xviii.

THORA, daughter of Gunnstein, wife to Olaf Evenpate, xvii.

THORALF, fdrdlfr, of Loonsere, a kinsman of Sigrid Thorbiorn Thiodrekson's housekeeper, 3; takes his kinswoman Sigrid from Bathstead with her goods appraised to her, 13.

THORARIN", JxSrarinn, fosterson of Liot the Sage, xiii.

THORARIN the Sage, the Go^i of the men of Longdale in Hunavatns-Thing, oneof the Banded Men, refuses to give his kinswoman Swala in marriage to Uspak Glumson, 80, 8 1 ; joins Styrmir of Asgeirswater to upset Odd's case against Uspak, 87, 88; and in a plot to ruin Odd, 94; and in summoning Odd for having bribed the judges at the Althing, 95; comes to the Althing, 97 ; is, with Styrmir of Asgeirswater, the ringleader in the plot of the Banded Men, 98.

THORARIN, " brother of those sons of Thiodrek, a priest of Dyrafirth," a spurious character, plans with Thorgrim, Dyri's son, an armed

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onset on Atli of Otterdale, and rides to the Althing, 58 ; agrees to Guest Oddleifson's settling of peace between him and Howard at the Althing, 63, 64 ; is soundly rated by Guest for double-dealing, 65.

THORBIORN, Jorbjorn, of Ere, the father of Grim and Thorstein, who slew " Liot of Redsand," is the same person which the Landnama calls Grim Kogr (see preface, p. xiii), 45> 46; his dealings with Liot about a water-meadow, 46, 47 ; his device for escaping bloodsuit 'after the slaughter of Liot by his sons, 43-5 ; the meadow awarded him at the Althing, 64.

THORBIORN, the fosterer of Herstein Blundketil's son, skilled in magic, 143 ; seeks help and counsel of Odd-aTongue after the burning of Blundketil, ib. ; witnesses Odd-a-Tongue hallow to himself the land of Ornolfsdale, 144; drives all Blunketil's live stock away west to Swigniskarth/144, 145 ; gets Thorkel Welt to befriend Herstein, BlundketiTs son, 145, 146.

THORBIORN, son of Thiodrek of Bathstead, xv, xix, was a Gofti in Icerth, of high descent, a man of might and injustice, i ; his deal-

ings with Olaf Howardson, 4-1 8; robs Howard of a whale, 9, 10; marries the sister of Guest Oddleifson (see note to p. 13), 13 ; nis fight with and slaughter of Olaf Howardson, 14-18 ; his outrage on Howard claiming atonement for his son, 19; his dealings with Howard at the Althing, 2127 ; is forced by Guest Oddleifson to atone for Olaf Howardson, 24, 25 ; smites Howard on the face with a bag containing the teeth of his son, 26 ; goes west to Vadil in his cutter to fetch his brother Sturla and his son Thiodrek, 27 ; ^ is slain by Howard on coming back to Bathstead, 34-375 no atonement awarded for him at the Althing, 64.

THORBRAND, forbrandr, brother to Biargey, 29.

THORD, Jjortfr, Gellir, son of Olaf Feilan, 146 ; is beguiled by Gunnar Hlifarson to betroth in his own name his foster-daughter Thurid, Gunnar's own daughter, to Herstein, Blundketirs son, before being told that he is a houseless orphan, 149-151; whereat Thord is exceeding wroth, 151 ; but yet has Thurid and Herstein married at his house, 152, 153 ; he goes to Burgfirth and summons Arngrim the

Index.

priest and Hen Thorir to Thingness-thing, 153 ,- goes to prosecute the blood-suit after Blundketil at Thingness-thing, but has after some fighting to yield to Odd-a-Tongue's overwhelming force, and appeals the case to the Althing, 154, 155; rides to the Althing, where he rights with Odd - a - Tongue, who gets the worst of it, and accepts a peaceful award of the blood-case,

155, *5<5.

THORDIS, J>6rdis, daughter of Asmund the Long-hoary, sister to Grettir the Strong, wife of Glum Uspakson of Skridinsenni, 76.

THORDIS, wife of Atli the Little of Otterdale, 51-53.

THORDIS of Knoll (d. of Thiodrek), sister to Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, and mother of Vakr and Scart, 3 j eggs Scart to join Thorbiorn in the fight with Olaf Howardson, 16-18.

THORGEIR, f orgeirr, of Bathdale, son of Haldora, comes to the Thing riding " from the east," so he must, in all probability, have come from Bathdale, Laugardal, in Amess-Thing, one of the Banded Men, 94, 97.

THORGEIR of Withymere, father to Helga, the wife of Thorkel the son of Gunnwald, 126.

THORGERD, J>orgetf5r, wife of Thormod of Bank, 2; comes to Bluemere for help against her dead husband walking again, 7.

THORGERD, daughter of Vali, wife of Ufeig of Reeks,

THORGILS, Jorgils, son of Gorm, duke in Sweden, and Thora, daughter of King Eric of Upsala, xviii.

THORGILS, son of Halla, a kinsman of Guest Oddleifson, 24.

THORGRIM, forgrimr, Dyri's son, "a wizard," 58 foil.

THORGRIM Gagar (Dog), son of Liot the Sage, xiii, xiv.

THORGRIM, son of Hardref, ' father to Liot, xiii.

THORHALL, JxSrhaUr, a kinsman of Howard's, 3 - 3 helps Biargey, when Howard grows helpless from grief, to keep the house going, 18 foil. ; goes with Howard on his journey of revenge for Olaf, 31-39 ; fights with the Dyrafirthers, 61, 62; settles in Thorhallsdale in Eyiafirth, 67-68.

THORIR, >6rir. See Hen Thorir.

THORIR the Stamper, Jdrir Hlammandi, 125.

THORIR Thorbrandson, one , of Howard's band of revenge, 29, 32, 39, 41, 61, 62 ; banished the land dur-

2IO

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ing the lifetime of Thorarin, priest of Dyrafirth, 64.

THORKEL, forkell, son of Blundketil, by Ari stated to havelbeen burnt in the house of Ornolfsdale instead of Blundketil himself, a statement also recorded in other old authorities, xxxii, -n.

THORKEL of Eiderisle, "the Lawman of those of Icefirth," 2.

THORKEE, son of Grim Kogr, the slayer of Liot the Sage (Landnama, pp. 145-147), xiii-xv.

THORKEL, son of Gunnwald (see note to p. 126, I. n), married to Helga, the daughter of Thorgeir of Withy mere, 126.

THORKEL WELT, porkell Trefill, son of Red Biorn, dwelt at Swigniskarth, 126 ; befriends Herstein, BlundketiTs son, after the burning - of his father, 145, 146 ; forces Gunnar, son of Hlifar, not knowing that Herstein Blundketilson is a homeless orphan, to promise him his daughter Thurid in marriage, 146 - 148 j gathers forces to back Thord Gellir in the blood-suit at ThingnessThing, 155, 156.

THORLEIF, J?orleifr, son of Eyvind Knee, xvi.

THORMOD, Jjormtf'Sr, of Bank, supposed to be a shapechanger, 2; walks again,

and is laid by Olaf Howaidson, 7- 1 1.

THORMOD Coalbrowscald, son of Bersi, xvi, and note i.

THOROD, f6roddr, son of Odd-a-Tongue, i25;woos and finally marries Jofrid, the daughter of Gunnar, son of Hlifar, 159-63; the same year he went abroad to ransom his brother Thorwald, but never returned back to Iceland, 163.

THOROLF Fox, )6r61fr Refr, brother to Alf-a-Dales, killed in the fight at Thrallstreamon- Whitewater, 154.

THORSTEIN, forsteinn, son of Egil of Burg, the second husband of Jofrid, the daughter of Gunnar, 163,

THORSTEIN, " kinsman of Thorir Hound," a friend of Odd Ufeigson's at the court of King Harold Har$- rafti," xxvi ; helps Odd out of a smuggling scrape, 170-1 74 ; receives in return for his services a set of stallions from Odd, 174, 175; loses Harold's favour, 175.

THORSTEIN, son of Thorbiorn of Ere, probably the same as the Landndma calls Thorkel, son of Grim Kogr, slays Liot of Redsand, and joins Howard's band at Steinthor of Ere's, 46-49, 61, 62; banished the land for the lifetime of Thorarin, the priest of Dyrafirth, 64.

Index.

THORUNN, J>drunn, daughter of Gunnar Hlifarson, xxxii. (See Thurid.)

THORWALD, forvaldr, Oddson. (See Thorwald, son of Odda-Tongue.)

THORWALD, son of Odd-aTongue, 125 ; conies from a foreign voyage to Northtongue, and meeting Hen Thorir there, takes up his case against Blundketil, 137140; goes to summon Blundketil, 140-142; burns Blundketil in his own house, 142, 143 ; is banished the country for three years, 158; was taken captive and enslaved in Scotland, ib.

THURID Bedsow, jmrftSr rumgylta, wife of Eyvind Knee, xvi.

THURID, daughter of Gunnar son of Hlifar, and fosterchild of Thord Gellir's, 146 ; by Ari she is called Thorunn, xxxii, so also in some other old records.

THURID, daughter of Odd-aTongue, 125.

TORFI, son of Valbrand, married Thurid, daughter of Odd-a-Tongue, 125, 161.

TORFI Valbrandson, one of Howard's band of revenge, 28, 32 ; rights with Sturla Thiodrekson, and slays him, 36-38 ; his deeds at Moonberg, 39-41; at Otterdale, 59-62 ; banished the land as long as Thorarin, the

priest of Dyrafirth, should live, 64.

UFEIG, Ufeigr, of the Skards, son of Jarngerd, Ufeig of Reeks' great - grandfather,

73-

UFEIG, son of Skidi, probably of the so-called " Skidungkin," descendants of two grandsons of Skidi the Old, Eilif Eagle and Thorkel Vingnir, who settled land in Hunavatns-Thing, dwelt at Reeks in Midfirth, and was a " thingman " of Styrmir of Asgierswater, 73 ; has a son Odd whom he dislikes, 74 ; saves by bribery the case against Uspak which Odd had lost, 89-93; his talk with Odd on the plot of the Banded Men, 95 ; his advice to Odd how to elude the Banded Men, 96 ; goes with Styrmir the Gofti to the Thing, 96; his means of undoing the plot of the Banded Men, 97-108; gets the consent of the Banded Men- to two of their company, whom he himself selects, judging Odd's case, 109 ; rates the Banded Men all round, and selects as judges Egil and Gellir, whom he h?d already bribed, no112; sings an-exulting song in memory of his victory over the Banded Ones, 116.

^he Saga Library.

UIATAR, Uifafr, son of Wolf of Fitiar, father to Qnund Broadbeard, 125, .

USPAK, Uspakr, son of Glum Uspakson of Skridinsenni and Thordis, the sister of Grettir the Strong, "ill to deal with and masterful," ferried wares between the Strands and the Northcountry, 76 ; craves Odd to take him in, 76, 77 ; he becomes the trusted foreman of Odd's house, 77-80; he overtakes Odd's GoSSorSS in his absence' abroad, 79 ; marries Swala of Swalastead, 80, 81 ; holds the GoSorfS in Odd's despite till he is forced to give it up, 81, 82; leaves Mel at enmity with Odd, 82; is suspected and found guilty of sheepstealing, 83-85 ; slays Vali, 86 ; is summoned to the Althing by Odd, and is first acquitted and afterwards found guilty, 87-93 J ^ e disappears for a long time till he returns to murder Swala's second husband, and to maim and kill the cattle of his enemy, Bergthor of Bodvarsknolls, and the stallions of Odd; he is mortally wounded by Mar's half-witted brother, and found long after dead in a cave, 120, T2i.

VAKR, son of Thordis the sister

of Thorbiom Thiodrekson, 2 ; his slanderous behaviour to Olaf Howardson, 4-7 ; takes part in the slaughter of Olaf Howardson, 14-18; his death, 34, 35 ; no atonement awarded for him at the Althing, 64.

VALBRAND, Valbrandr, son of Eyvind Knee, and father to Biargey, xvi.

VALBRAND, brother to Biargey, 28, 31, 32.

VALBRAND, son ' of Valthiof, father to Torfi, 125.

VALI, a kinsman of Ufeig of Reeks, and fostered in his house, 73, 74, 76, 78; proposes to find out for Odd of Mel who has stolen his missing wethers, 83 ; brings the theft home to Uspak, 84, 85 ; slain by Uspak, 86.

VALI, father to Thorgerd, the wife of Ufeig of Reeks,

73* VALTHIOF, Vatyjdfr, the Old,

son of Orlyg, a settler, 125. VEBIORN Sygnakappi, xvi. VEDIS, V^dfs, sister to Vebiorn

Sygnakappi, married to

Grimolfj the son of Olaf

Evenpate, xvii. VIDFARI, VftSfari, " a gangrel

man," ^and akin to Hen

Thorny 137.

WOLF the Crow, Ulfr krika, xvu

Index.

WOLF the Marshal, Ulfr Stallari, son of Ospak Osvifson, xiii, xxi, xxii.

WOLF of Fitiar, Ulfr af Fitjum, son of Thorir the Stamper, 125.

II. PLACES.

AGDIR, Ag&r, a district of south-western Norway, xvi.

AKRANESS, Akra-nes, the southwesternmost promontory of the Burgfirth bailiwick, 128.

ASBRANDSTEAD, Asbrandssta&r, the home of Asbrand, brother to Biargey, 29.

ASGEIRSWATER, Asgeirsa\ a farmstead in Willowdale in Hunavatns-Thing, the home of Styrtnir the priest, 73.

BANK, Bakki, the abode of Thormod, the shape-changer, now not to be found within the neighbourhood of Bluemere or Bathstead,

2,3-

BARDSTRAND, BarSastrond, a seaboard countryside on the northern side of Broadfirth, 13, 67.

BATHBALE, Laugardalr.

1. A valley in the peninsula between Skatefirth and Narrowbay, in Icefirth, xvi, xviL

2. A valley due east of the Thing-meads, in the

upper part of Arness-Thing,

97- . '

BATHSTEAD, Laugabdl, the house of Thorbiom Thiodrekson, situate in Bathdale, a still standing farmstead, but not on the old site, lying within the parish of Ogur,

* 2 7> I 3> 33 34-

BITRA, alias BitrufjorSr, the southernmost bay in the coast-range of the bailiwick of Strandir, .75, 7.6,

BLUEMERE, the homestead of Howard the Halt, now called Blam^rar, a. farmstead in the parish of Ogur in the bailiwick of Icefirth, Isafjar^ars^sla, xvii, i.

BLUEWOODHEATH, Blask6gar hei^Si, seems to be a name " for the whole wood-grown continuous tract of lava which surrounds the Thingmead-water by north, west, and south, a very descriptive name on account of the deeply blue-green birch copse which i& spread over the whole of the dark ground" (KRlund), 96.

The Saga Library.

BLUNDWATER, Bltindsvatn, a lake, 126.

BOARDERE, Bortteyrr, mod. BorSeyri, a harbour, and now a growing trading station on the northern side of Ramfirth, 75.

BODVARSKNOLLS, Bofcvarsh<51ar, a farmstead in the commune called tliwartwater-rape, J>verdrhreppr, in western Hunavatns-Thing,

120.

BRENT, Brekka, a homestead in the countryside of Ingialdsand, xiii.

BROADFIRTH, Breft$ifjorSr,the largest bay in Iceland, 106,

IS4-

BROADLAIRSTEAD, Brer8ab61sstafcr.

1. The seat of Odd-aTongue, situate in the northernmost Reekdale, q. v., in Burgfirth, 125, 136.

2. The seat of Torfi Valbrandson, situate in the close neighbourhood of the former, 125.

BURG, Borg, the home of Egil Skulison in Burgfirth, western Iceland, 101, 106, 114, 119.

BURGFIRTH, Borgarfj6r<5r.

1. An inlet from FaxeBay in south-western Iceland, 101, 106, 127.

2. The district which extends to the river basins round the bay, xxxii, 125,

BURG-KNOLLS, Borgarhdll, a house of which the site now is unknown, but must have been near to Swalastead,

120.

DALES, Dalir, the eastern seaboard and river basins of Broadbay, xviii.

DYRAFIRTH, D^rafjorSr, one of the larger firths that cut from north-west into the north-western peninsula of Iceland, 58, 61.

EIDERISLE, ^E^ey, an island a short distance off the northern coast of Islefirth, 2.

ERE, the seat of the spurious character, Thorbiorn, the father of the boys who slew Liot of Redsand, xv, 45.

ERE, Eyrr, now Hallbiarnareyri, on a broad ness between Grundarfirth and Kolgrafarfirth on the south side of Broadfirth, the seat of Steinthor, 21, 42, 67.

ESJUBERG, a homestead beneath the steep mountain Esja which forms Kjalarnes, facing Reykjavik to the north-east, 125.

EYIAFIRTH, Eyjafjorftr, the largest inlet on the northern shore of Iceland, 75*

EYIAFORD, Eyjavaft, a ford across Northwater, 154.

FINMARK, Finnmork or Mork, 167, 170.

Index.

FINS, Finnar, 167, 1 68, 170, 171.-

FITIAR, the seat of the lords of the island of Stord in Hordaland in Norway, 125.

GEIRSLITHE, Geirshlift, the abode of Geir the Wealthy, situate in the valley called " Flokadale," which lies between the two Reekdales,

125, n.

GARDAR, GarSar, the name of the Scandinavian kingdom in Russia, xviii.

GUNNARSTEAD, Gunnarssta&r, a homestead on the inner Woodstrand, q. v., the seat of Gunnar, the son of Hlifar, 146, 152, 155.

GUNNBIORN Skerries, Gunnbjarnarsker, xvi.

HAVEN, Hofn, a homestead on the southern side of the bay of Burgfirth (see note to p. 129), 129.

HELGIWATER, Helgavatn, " up from Northtongue," q. v., the seat of Hen Thorir,

126, 127. HORSEFIRTH, Hestfjor^r, an

inlet on the southern side of Icefirth, xvi.

HOLTBEACON HEATH, Holta-

vorftuherSSr, a wide upland plateau, forming the watershed between north-eastern Burgfirth and southern Htinaft6i,

HOWARDSTEAD,

1. A home built by Howard the Halt on the northern shore of Islefirth, now in ruins, which still bear the old name, xix, 12.

2. A house built by him on settling in Oxdale off Swarfadardale, 67.

HWAMM, Hvammr.

1. The seat of Helgi, brother of Red Biorn, situate in Northwaterdale, 126,

154-

2. The seat of Thord Gellir, situate at the bottom of Hwammfirth, an inlet from the south-eastern part of Broadfirth, 149, 151.

ICEFIRTH, the largest bay of north-western Iceland, the scene of Howard the Halt's saga, i, passim.

ICELAND, its literature, i-xii; republican constitution, &c., xxxi-xlvil

INGIALDSAND, a countryside on the western side of Onundarfiord in the northwestern peninsula of Iceland, xiiL

KNOLL, HvaMl, in Icefirth, the home of Thordis, sister of Thorbiorn Thiodrekson, identified by Dr. KSlund as the now deserted place L6nsh611, situated on the we$te,rn side of

2l6

The Sagd Library.

Cold-loch, which cuts in a north-easterly direction into the country from the inner part of Icefirth, 3, KOLLAFIRTH, Kollaijor^Sr, the next firth to the northward from Bitra, q. v., 76.

LOONSERE, L6nseyri,the home of Thoralf, a still existing farmstead built on the corner of land formed by the waters of Icefirth and Kaldaldn,

3 13-

LONGDALE, Langidalr, a parallel valley to Waterdale to the north of it, in the basin of Hunafloi, 84.

IX>NGDALE-RIVER, Langadalsd, the northern boundary of the settlement of Snsebiorn, in Icefirth (see map), xvii.

MARK, short for Finmark, q. v.

MEAD, Hagi, on the seaboard of Bardstrand, the homestead of Guest Oddleifson,

13-

MEAD (see Thing-mead).

MEL, now Melsta^Sr, a goodly house on the northern side of Midfirth-river, two miles up from the bottom of the bay, 75 7<5, 77>Si,S6, 100, 117, 174.

MIDFIRTH, MrSfjorSr, between Ramfirth in the west and Hiinaf jorSr in the east, the middle bay of the three that frpm Hunafldi cut in a

due southernly direction into the land, 73, 75, 118,

MIOLA, an island in the province of Relgeland, Norway, 169.

MIRES, M^rar, the Fens, on the eastern side of Faxe Bay, bounded by lower Burgfirth from south-east and south,

154-

MISCHIEF, Osomi, a brook dividing the lands of Liot the Sage and Grim Kogr, xiii.

NARROWBAY, MjoifjorSr, an inlet on the southern side of Icefirth, xvi, xvii.

NORTHTONGUE, NorfSrtunga, the seat of Arngrim the priest, situate in the countryside called Thwartwaterlithe, the northern slope of the river Thwartwater, one of the northern tributaries of the , Whitewater of Burgfirth, 1 25, 126, 135, 137, 153.

NORTHWATER, Norftra, the largest northern tributary to Whitewater in Burgfirth, 126, 154.

NORTHWATERDALE, NorSrardalr, the river basin of upper North water, 126, 153, 154.

NORWAY, 67, 118, 163.

OGRWICK, Ogrvik, a bight on the coast of the peninsula formed by the two firths, Skatefirth and Narrowbay, in Icefirth, xvi.

Index.

ORKNEY, 118. ORNOLFSDALE, Orn<51fsdalr.

1. A valley within the lower part of the countryside of Thwartwaterlithe in Burgfirth, within which Ari apparently has regarded Helgiwater as situate, xxxii.

2. The homestead of Blundketil on Thwartwater, 126, 142, 144, 155, 156, 158, 160.

OTTERDALE, Otrardalr, a homestead, now a parsonage, on the southern coast of upper Arnar-firth in the north-western peninsula of Iceland, 51, 57, 58, 59, 65, 67.

OXDALE, Oxadalr,an off-valley of Svarfadardale (see Kalund, ii. 99), 67.

PLEASUREDALE, Una^sdalr, the seat of the settler Olaf Evenpate, xvii.

RAMFIRTH, HrutafjorSr, the next bay to the west of Midfirth, 75, 81, 97,

REDSAND, RauSSisandr, the mythical homestead of the equally mythical "Holmgangliot," 45.

REEKDALE, Reykjardalr.

i. "Hinn nyr&ri," now Reykholtsdalr, the basin of Reykjadalsa,Reekdale-river, one of the southern tributaries to the lower Whitewater, 12,5, 153.

2, "Hinn sySri," the southernmost, now called Lundareykjadalr, formed by the river Grims4 one of the southern tributaries to the lower Whitewater, 153.

REEKS, Reykir, the house of Ufeig, son of Skidi, standing on the eastern side of the Midfirth river opposite to that of Mel, some two miles up from the sea, 73.

REYDARMULT, a bold mountain formation on the left-hand side of the road going from the Thing-meads to Bathdale, 97.

ROME, pilgrimage to, xxvii

ROSKILDE, the old cathedral city of Seeland in Denmark, xxvii.

SANDERE-RIVER, Sandeyrara, the western boundary of the settlement of Olaf Evenpate (see map), xvii.

SAURBY, Saurbaer, a valley in the Dales in western Iceland, xviii.

SEYDISFIRTH, an inlet on the southern side of Icefirth (see map), xvi.

SIDAMULI, SjfiSumuli, a farmstead in the countryside called Whitewater-side in Burgfirth, 119. .

SKAGAFIORD, Skagafjor^r, a wide bay on the northern coast of Iceland, xviii.

SKANEYFELL, Skineyjarfjall,

2l8

The Saga Library.

on the northern side of Reekdale the northernmost, 163.

SKARDS, SkorS, the homestead of Ufeig Jarngerdson, situate in Reykjahverfi in the present southern Thingeyjarsjtela, i.

SKATEFIRTH, SkotufjorSSr, an inlet on the southern side of Icefirth, xvL

SKORRADALE, Skorradalr, a valley of Burgfirth running parallel with Reykjardal, 2 ; on the south of it, 153.

SKRIDINSENNI (see note to p. 76), 76-

STAFFHOLT, Stafholt or Stafaholt, the chief homestead in the countryside of Staffholtstongue, 154.

STAFFHOLTSTONGUE, Stafholtstungur, the tongue of land formed by the confluence of Northwater and Whitewater in Burgfirth, 154.

STONEFORD, Steinsva^, a ford on Whitewater, locality uncertain, 161.

STRANDS, Strandir, short for Hornstrandir, the western seaboard of Hunafloi, 75,

SWALASTEAD, now a deserted home in ruins in Willowdale, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86,

120.

SWANFIRTH, Alptafjorftr, an inlet on the southern side of Icefirth, xvi.

SWARFADARDALE, Svarfa'Sardalr, a valley on the northern

side of Eyiafiord, towards the mouth of it, 67.

SWEDEN, Svfyjc^, xviii.

SWIGNISKARTH, Svignaskar^, Thorkel Welfs abode, on the river called Gorgeriver, Gljiifrd, a northern tributary to the lower Whitewater, situate within the commune of Burg (Bprgarhreppr) in the bailiwick of the Mires, 126.

THING-MEAD, Jnngvollr, the fields surrounded by lava on the northern side of Thing-mead Water, J>ingvallavatn, in Arness-Thing, where, from A.D. 930 to 1264, the Althing of republican Iceland, and from 1264 to 1800 that of dependent Iceland, was held,

97-

THINGNESS, pingnes, a homestead on the southern side of the lower White-river in Burgfirth, the site of the spring - assembly of the Thwartwater-Thing, pverdr- >ing, 153.

THIOTTA, ]?j6tta, now Tjoto, an island in the province of Helgeland, Norway, 169.

THORBRANDSTEAD, forbrandsstaftir, the home of Biargey's brother, Thorbrand, site unknown, 29, 32.

THORGAUTSTEAD, forgautssta^Sir, a homestead in the

Index.

countryside called Whitewater-side in Burgfirth, 119.

THORGEIRSFIRTH, forgeirsf jor^Sr, a small bay north of Eyiafiord, in the present bailiwick of southern Thingeyjars/sla, 118.

THORHALLSDALE, fdrhallsdalr, a by -valley off Swarfadardale, where Howard settled on returning a Christian to Iceland from Norway, 68*

THORHALLSTEAD, J)6rhallssta&r, the house set up by Thorhall, Howard's kinsman, after the former's death in the upper part of Thorhallsdale, 68.

THRALLSTREAM, frselastraumr, a ford of Whitewater, 154.

THWARTWATERLITHE, )>verarhlrS, the northern slope of the upper Thwartwater,

VADIL, Va^ill, seems to refer to the well-known harbour of that name on Bardstrand, xiii, 27, 67.

VALBRANDSTEAD, Valbraudssta'Sir, the home of Biargey's brother Valbrand, site unknown, 28.

VALFELL, 119.

WATER. (See Helgiwater.)

WATERDALE, Vatnsdalr, one of the valleys running inland from Hunafirth, 84.

WATERFIRTH, VatnsfjorSSr, the homestead of Snsebiorn at the top of a small inlet of the same name, on the southern side of upper Icefirth, xvii.

WATERNESS, Vatnsnes, a broad ness dividing Midfirth from Hunafirth, 74.

WHITEWATER, Hvita, the main river of Burgfirth, 153, 154.

WILLOWDALE, Vf Midair, the next valley to the eastward from Midfirth, 80.

WITHYMERE, the seat of Thorgeir of Withymere, 126.

WOODSTRAND, Skdgarstrond, a countryside on the southeastern side of Broadfirth, 146.

The Saga Library,

III. SUBJECT MATTER.

Appraising goods out of one's house, 13 (cf. Gofci, and Imports).

Award, "gpr$;" "segja upp . gor^," give out an award, 113.

Banner, "merki," borne before a chief, in.

Beards-warmth, "bjarnylr," 3, note, p. 1 8 1.

Berth, " rtim," within <i booth, 22 (cf. House).

Betroth (betrothal), "fastna," 148, 150.

Booth, see House.

Bribes, 93-95.

Bridal, "veizla," 118 (see Wedding).

Burning (of an enemy within his house, recognized as a form of carrying out a bloodfeud, but always looked upon as an evil deed), discountenanced by the noble Howard, 39 ; urged by the base Thprgrim of Dyrafirth, 60; intended by the fierce Hermund, 119; and the overbearing Odd-a-Tongue, 162 ; executed in an evil hour by Hen Thorir and his accomplices, 142-144, cf. 145.

Bury. To be buried where

a wide view could be had over lands belonging to the descendants of the dead^ 163.

Cattle, maimed, 120, 121.

Chaff, refuse of hay, " mv$" 20.

Chapmen, "kaupmenn," 118, 127.

Chest, "kista," wherein weapons are kept, 31.

Christening, " skfrn," 68.

Church-going, " vera i gongu," 108.

Church building, 68.

Church timber, imported from Norway, 68.

Cliff-road, "klifgata," 157.

Contract by the outstretched hand, 148 (cf. Hansel).

Cotcarle (cottager), " kotkarl," 116.

Crew of a merchantman quartered about the country, 129.

Day-meal, "dagverSr," 132. Death-call (from the guardian

spirits of an old landed

family), 119. Divorce, "skilna'Sr/ 1 26. Doom-ring, " ddmhringr," 91. Dodderer, nickname of an old

horse, 19, Dower, ({ gora heiman," 107.

Index.

Dreams. Ill at ease in sleep, u lata ilia i svefni," 59 ; Atli's dream, 59, 60; Herstein's dream, 143.

Dress. Breeches, "brsekr," 3, 8, 37 ; linen breeches, " lin b.," 147; cape, "stakkr," 60; "cloak, "kapa," 92, ' mottull," 147 ; cloak-hood, " kipu-hottr," no; cloakskirt, "kdpuskaut," 25, 102; cloth (kerchief), "knjftiskauti," 26 ; cowl, " stakkr," 54; doublet, "stakkr," 52; fell,feldr,"8; frock (blue), "blar stakkr/' 37; shirt, "skyrta," 3, 8, 147; shoes, "skor," 56; black shoes, "svartir skor," of tanned leather, as distinguished from brogues of untanned skin, 147; high shoes, "upphafir s.," 32; shoe-thongs, " sktffvengir," 56 ; skin, " feldr, ' 58 ; sleeve, "ermr," 88 ; sleeve-cloak, " ermakdpa," 88 ; slouched hat, " sShetta," 88.

Drift-log, "rekatreY J 9-

Drift right, " reki," 9.

Eastertide, 114Eastmen, Norwegians, 128. Enslaving (in Scotland), 158. Evensong, " aftansongr/* 108.

Feast, "veizla," 57, 66 (cf.

Wedding). Fetches, "manna hugir," in

the shape of animals, 60. Fights, "bardagi." Between

OlafandThorbiorn, 16, 17; Howard and Thorbiorn, 3439; Howard and Liot of Moonberg, 40; Atli and Thocgrim of Dyrafirth, 6062 ; Thord Gellir and Odda-Tongue, 154, 156; Herstein and Hen Thorir, 158.

Fines, tt f^}6id, M<c ftsekt, w 113.

Fin goods, Fin scat, 168-172.

Fire. Hallowing for one's self no man's land by fire, 144 (cf. pref. xliv-xlvi).

Fishing. Biargey's business for the support of her house, 1 8, 19, 27; profitable Northland industry, 74; fishermen, 74; fishing gear, "-

arfaeri," 74; fishing line,

" var," 74. Food. Cheese, "ostr," 51;

dried fish, "skrer*/' 51;

flesh meat of every kind,

"slatrallskonar,"5i. Foreshore, "eyrr," 15. Forked cudgel, ^forkr," used

for weapon, 16. Fostering of a chiefs child a

coveted privilege by the

lower sort, 127; fosterer,

32; foster-father, 127; fos-

ter-son, 135.

Games. Skin-play, " skinn leikr,"55 ; bait-play, "knattleikr," 55; wrestling, 56; pairing one man with another (inter focula\ 115.

Gangrel man, "reikunarma^Sr/' 137.

Garth, "garfcr/ 2 the wall round

The Saga Library.

the home-mead, 19; the yard within which the haystacks stood, " heygar^Sr,"

5 2 -

Ghost, hauntings, 7-11 (cf. Fetches).

Gifts. Tokens, not only of personal friendship, but also of social distinction, 25, 140; in golden rings, 49, 66 ; in oxen, "yxn," 66, 119; in shields, 66; in swords, 66; in war array, "hervdpn," 66; in horses,

174*

Go&, priest, expected to help his liege-folk against ghosts, 7 ; claims the right of appraising foreign imports, 128; forbids all intercourse with merchants till his pricelist (tax) is out, 128; is expected to set right the grievances of his "Thingmen," 135; safeguards those whose acts of revenge have brought them into trouble, 4$ (cf- pref. xxviii-xxx).

Guilty men all go wheresoever one goes, 52; fully guilty: exiled the country for ever, and fined in mangild (weregild) besides, 152.

Hansel, " handsala," the customary sign manual to a binding contract in an illiterate age, no ; h. money and lawsuits, 139; h. fines (guaranty that fines shall be paid), no; h. voiding

(dropping) of a case, no (cf. Take hands).

Haven, "hofn," artificially made, 33.

Hay, "ta ! Sa, J> 32, 134; raking up of, 32 ; forced sale of in hard times, 133 ; hay-loads bound up in ropes, 135 ; hay harvest (failure of), 130; haystack, "heykleggi," 52.

Hides, "hii'Sir," used for protection of goods, 135,

Hill of Laws, "logberg," 93, 109.

Holmgang, "single fight" (cf. Holmgang-Liot), 45.

Home-man, " heimama'Sr," a free servant, his business, 2-4, 50 ; did housecarles' service (see Housecarle).

Home-mead, "tu"n," "totfuvollr," "vollr," 9, 28, 32, 52, 60, 145, 162.

Horses, one householder possessed of 1 60, 131 ; shipped abroad, 174; ice-horses, " klakahross," left' to shift for themselves in all weathers in winter, 114.

Hospitality shown to foreigners, 129; the guest is bidden welcome, 145 ; bidden come to meat, 146; the honoured guest sits on the dais, 138 ; or on the bench opposite to that whereon the master is seated, 49, 50; he seats his followers in order on either side of himself, 44; the guests' clothes and weapons are

Index.

taken care of, 44 ; dry clothes are provided for them, 44 ; goodly cheer and entertainment given, 45 ; at feasts guests are marshalled by the master to their seats, 152 ; an unwelcome guest is left to wander about the floor, 138 ; it told much in a man's favour to "grudge meat to no man," 73, 99 ; while the meatbegradger, " matsinkr/ 5 was despised, 115.

House, its various kinds and appointments. Empty tofts, ruins of abandoned settlements, 12 j earth-house, an underground safety passage from a house, 38, 39 ; outbower, or storehouse, "iltibiir,"39, 51, 5 2,5 4, 144; byre, cowstall, "fj<5s," 120, 144; stithy, "smtf$ja, ;; i56; boot k (a house without roof, and tilted over for temporary use), 21-24, 26, 90, 93, 94, 103, 117; booth door, 97; booth lane, " biiftarsund," 88; sheepfolds, see Sheep. Dwelling house proper : hall, "skali," "stofa," 6, 8, 39, 81, 82, 120, 133; sleeping chamber, bed - chamber, "hvilugdlf,"38,4o; women's bower, "stofa," 40; house wall, "misveggr," 39, 6p; gable, "gafl," gable wainscot, "bj6rr," 7; door by the gable end, 8 ; two doors in front of a hall (by either

gable, namely, men's door, " karldyr," and women's door, " kvendyr "), 39 ; doors smitten on by visitors to the house, 4, 14, 120, 132, 146 ; self-shutting door, wicket, "skellihurS," 4; door ring, 147 ; door ledge, " oki,"4 ; door bolted, 132 ; window, "gluggr," 31; window in a door, 161 ; house dim inside even in midday, 86; light, "lj<5s," hung up in the hall, 8, 40 ; benches on either side of the house, "49, 152; dais, "pallr" (a raised seat at the end of a hall), 6, 138, 152; table, "borS," 4> 42; beds, 54, 55, 120; beds arranged in a storehouse, 51, 57; shut bed, "lokrekkja/ ? 3*; gableend bed, "stefnrekkja,"8.

Housecarle, servant labourer, "hu"skarl/'32.

Householder, "bdrnaSr," 98.

Housekeeping, bounteous, "rausn," 51.

Huckstering in poultry and sundry wares, 126.

Hundred, "hundra^S" =120 ellsofwadmal, 46.

Implements. Pikestaff, "broddstafr," 88; rake, "hrifa," 32 ; staff, "starr," 26 ; sealnets, "n6t/'28, 32 ; switch, " svigi," 159 : trout-nets, "net," 29; turf-axe, -cutter, " torf-ox,"29 ; whittle, " talgu-

The Saga Library.

Imports : malt and corn, 1 16 ; taxing or appraising of, 127 (cf. pref. xxix, xxx),

Judicial venality, 92, 93.

Landlord and tenants, 130-

133-

Law quibbles, 88, 89. Leets, " lei&r." Rangar leet,

1 1 6 ; Hwamm's leet, 119

(cf. preface and Thing). Lawman, "logma^Sr," 2, 9,

10.

Manslaughter (owned to or declared by the doer as his deed, a legal duty, as else it was murder), 121.

Market for imported goods, 128.

Match (marriage), 105, 150.

Meatluck, a mocking name for a meat vessel, 115.

Money out at interest, i, 126; buried and never found again, 119 (cf. Silver).

Oaths by judges, 92 ; by confederates to a plot, 94, 102,

Outlawry, "sektir," 102, 139 (cf. Guilty).

Outrage on a dead man, 17 (cf. 26), 37.

Poetical periphrases : Arrows, handmaidens (iron.),

161.

Axe, black-shanks, "svartleggjur" (sooty-handled), "5

Blood, corpse sea, 3 1 ; sword dew, 37.

Fight, brunt of bucklers, 30 ; edge play, 41 ; spear play, storm, 63 ; steel meeting, 30 ; war gale, 44.

Gold, firth's sun, 43.

Head, land of hats (head = reason, wits), 116.

Man, dealer of the feh's sun (liberal of gold), 43 ; fir-stems of the fight sun (shield-bearers), 50 ; folk of Valkyr's fire, 44 ; grove of metal (fully armed), 116 ; lords of the bloodwolf, 44 ; lords of loud shields' clashing, 100 ; lords of sea-king's stallion, 56 ; people's waster, 42 ; shipdweller, lord, 30, 42 ; spear-heeder, 44.

Mew, high screaming, hailbesmitten bird of slaughter, 31.

Odin, lord of hanged men, xxiii.

Raven, hawk of slaughter, 31; blood-fowl, Odin's fowl, 33.

Shield, fight sun, 50.

Ship, sea-horse, xxiii; seaking's stallion, 56.

Sword, blood ice (cold steel), 41 ; blood wolf, 44 ; Valkyr's fire, 44 ; war-sheen, 41.

Wave, Gylvi's garth, 56. Priest, Christian, fetched to a

dying man, 119. Priest, "go^i,"

Index.

22$

r," 58, 80 (cf. preface). Priests mentioned; Arngrim of Northtongue; Egil Skulison ; Gellir Thorkelson ; Guest Oddleifson ; Hermundlllugison; Jarnskeggi Einarson ; Odd-a-Tongue ; OddUfeigson; Skeggbroddi Biarnson ; Snorri " the priest"; Steinthor of Ere; Styrmir of Asgeirswater ; Thorarin, Longdale priest; Thorbiorn Thiodrekson ; Thord Gellir; Thorgeir Haldorason.

Priesthood, "go$or$," 77 (cf. Rule over folk) ; had in commission, 79-82.

Procedure G e g a O : days of summoning, 86 ; case prepared for the Althing, 87 ; neighbours summoned from home in a blood-suit, 87 ; prosecution in opened court, 87; a manslaughter case voided because a summoned -from -home neighbour having died, the plaintiff summoned from home another in his stead, so that from home were summoned ten instead of nine neighbours, the proper way of filling the vacancy being to summon the wanting neighbour at the Althing, 87; self-doom (self-award), 102, 109, no, 139; amicable settlement, "-peace," "saettir," 63; umpiredom, "gerS" (cf. Award), 63, 64 ; voiding

(dropping) of a case, no; summing up a case, 120; cases defeated at the Varying laid to the Althing, 154. Purse, "sj6$r," 90, 92, 96, 101, 102.

Rings (scraps of), "baugabrot," bad payment, 114.

Ring, "hringr," "hviifing," circle formed by bystanders to witness a legal act, 21, 25, 26, no.

Rule (a goal's) over folk, "mannaforra^S," 13, 104.

Season of failure of crops with a hard winter following, 130133; seasons of the year, 130-133, 188-190.

Sheep, " fey ingathering of in autumn, 78, 80, 83, 121; folding in autumn, 4, 5 ; folds, "fjarhifs," 10; driving to winter pastures, 145, 146; feeding at stall, 146; shepherding, 14; sheep-tending, 2, 10, 145 ; sheep-drover, 15 ; sheep-stealing, 83-85 ; sheep-walks, 4, 5, 6, 181 ; wethers, ' ' geldingar," 4 ; ewes with sucklings, "lambaer," 116; winterfold for the grown-up hardy wethers, 159.

Ship, 27 ; merchant ship, ship of burden, "knorr," 75, 79, 96, 97, 118, 127; laid up for the winter, 130; boat, "bitr," 14, 15, 33>52; sixoared boat, "sexaerr batr,"

The Saga Library.

31; boat-house, "hur<Sanaust," 34, 35, 38 ; running out a boat, 52 ; cutter,

a sktfta,"27, 34, 38,4M 2 ; 535 ship's lading, cargo, " ihofn," 75 j carried on back of 1 20 horses, 129. (If each horse carried 200 Ibs. weight, which is not heavy for a short journey, then Master Erne's cargo would have weighed 24,000 Ibs., or, roughly speaking, eleven tons. This is a gauge of the burden of his ship which, probably, is not very far from the truth.)

Silver, "silfr," 96; the legal tender, 134; the best that might be, 102 ; evil silver, "livandaS f</' 113; thirteen ounces of silver, 113, 116.

Slaves : thrall, " Jnsell," 38, 56,

i49, *54-

Slips or ship runners, 34, 36.

Stallions, " std$-hross," 150.

Stone : to set one's foot on a stone in pronouncing a solemn vow, 152 (cf. 190-

*93)- Summon (for legal business),

"kvefcja,"" sterna," 13, 95,

140, 141, T53. Surety, no, 132. Swimming feats, n, 35, 36,

37-

Take hands, "takast i hendr," to avow consent, no.

Tenants made to pay their rents in hay when hay crops fail, 130.

Tent, used by the daughter of the house as a summerhouse, 159.

Thing, a hallowed legal assembly, i. Althing, '&% 63, 64, 115 ; riding to the Althing, 13, 20, 56, 57, 58,

79> 96, 97; wfth 3 men ? 57, 156; riding from the Althing, 95, 117; peace of the Althing guarded by force, I 55, X 5 6 ; secured by public proclamation, 156. 2. Varying, spring court, at Thingness, 153 ; a criminal case, there defeated by force, laid to the Althing, 154. 3. Leet, "left," hallowed by a deputy Go&, So, 82 ; priesthood in commission to be restored to the Go^i at Leets or Things, 81.

Thingman, " fingma^r," a Gobi's liegeman, 24, 73, 77, no.

Trading abroad, 75.

Transport of goods along the coasts, 75, 76; transport ship, ferry, 75.

Treatment of prisoners : shaving their hair, 62 ; polling them, "gora J>eim koll/ r 62 ; cut off their ears, 62.

Trolls - fiends, "troll," 115.

Viking cruise, " herna^r," 67. Vixen, " refkeila," 59. Vows, 152 (cf. 190-193).

Index.

Wadmal, homespun, an ell of which formed the standard of currency in all commercial transactions, 74,

Wainload, "hlass," 161.

Warflame, " Gunnlogi," name of Thorbiorn's sword, 14, 1 6,

33 35 37, 3&

Water-hatches, "stiflur," 46.

Water-meadow, " veitiengi," 46.

Weapons (c Poetical periphrases) hung up in sleeping places, 40, 57 ; carried on the person on leaving the house, 146. Weapons of attack: arrow, 141; axe, "ox," 6, 8, 14, 16, 17, 33, 36, 82 ; hand-axe, 47 ; poleaxe, 47 ; bolt, " kolfr," 60 ; bow, "bogi," 141, 161 ; glave, "skalm," 120; sax, 120; spear, "spj6t,"3i, 35, 39; sword, " sver^S," 10, 60, 61,62, 147. Weapons of defence : byrny, coat of mail, "biynja/'si, 44, 60; helm, "hjdlmr,*3i, 35, 44; shield, "skjoldr," 35, 114, 157; steel-hoods, "stalhiifur,"35.

Wedding, bridal, feast, "rd/3," " veizla," "brulkup," "bo$," 13, 117, 118,151, 152,163.

Weregild, mangild, atonement, manfine, 19, 35, 63, 64 ; for a thrall, 149.

Whale, " hvalr," driven ashore, 9 ; whale-ribs used for ship rollers or slips, 34, 36.

Whistling, a sign for people lying in ambush, 158.

Wind blowing one way in shore, another out in the open, 1 1 8.

Winter-fold (see under Sheep).

Withershins, to go, an act of magic significance, 144.

Wizard dealing in spells, 58, 61 (cf. 143).

Wolf, "tilfr,"59.

Woman. A married woman's right over the goods of the house, 53 ; woman wedded to a man for his wealth's sake, 51 ; woman betroths herself on her nearest of kin refusing to do so, 81.

Woo, wooing, wooer, 13, So, 104,105,147,148,150,160; private wooing looked upon with disfavour, 159, 160.

Wood, "skdgr,"i42, 157.

Yule-tide, 114.

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