BOOK XLVII

Come to the forty-seventh, in which is Perseus, and the death of Icarios, and Ariadne in her Already Rumour was flitting up and down the city, announcing of herself that Dionysos of the grapes had come to visit Attica ; and proUfic Athens broke out into wild dancing for unresting Lyaios. Loud was the sound of revelling ; crowds of citizens with forests of fluttering hands decked out the streets in hangings of many colours, and vineleaves which Bacchos made to grow wreathed themselves all over Athens. [The women hung mystic plates of iron over their breasts and bound them round their bodies" :] the maidens danced and crowned their brows with flowers but no one and nothing had a string of them slung about him or it. The only possible explanation seems to be that something, probably two or three lines, has dropped out and the remainder been patched together by a copyist into the present verse 9. Perhaps the archetype of our mss. was damaged and illegible here. The general sense may have been : " Drinking-cups the men now held instead of weapons (or tools) ; even through the mail-clad breasts of Athena there shot a shaft of Bacchic extasy ; and the women girt their bosoms, used to Demeter s ?) mysteries with (some Dionysiac although there is no evidence in support.

Koi SiSvpLOv K€XdBijfia B6¥a( ycuMV Ajnfm avvBpoog aloXo ipo dvttcXay€¥ At dbfOftir, hbtory. Ikntley quotrd it in hb DisMriaham 9m Pkaimrm, of ivy braided in Attic hair. Ilissos rolled round the city living water to glorify Dionysos ; the banks of Cephisos echoed the Euian tune to the universal dance. The plant shot up from the bosom of the dened the olive-groves of Marathon. Trees whispered, meadows put forth in season roses of two colours with opening petals, the hills gave birth to the lily selfgrown. Athena's pipes answered the Phrygian pipes, the Acharnian reed pressed by the fingers played its double ditty. The native Bacchant leaned her arm on the young Pactolian bride, and sounded a double harmony with deep note answering the Mygdonian girl, or held up the dancing nightly flame of double torches, for Zagreus" born long ago and Dionysos lately born. The melodious-throated nightingale of Attica sang her varied notes in the chorus, remembering Itylos and Philomela busy at the loom ; and the chattering bird of Zephyros twittered under the eaves, casting to the winds all memory of Tereus.

glad went to the house of Icarios, who excelled the other countrymen in planting new sorts of trees. The old gardener danced on his clownish feet when he saw Dionysos as his dsitor, and entertained the lord of noble gardenvines at his frugal board. Erigone went to draw and mingle milk of the goats, but the god's name was Zagreus and not Zagraios. Two modern editors gravely inform the public that there is no such verse and that Bentley quoted from memory (which he probably did, and knew his Greek authors better than either his contemporary or his later critics). See the Bohn edition of the '' Imitated from Leonidas in the Greek Anthology x. 1. tu yepov, oXPi w at' at yap fUXi omn voATrai hoxfJiios dfi l itXiKTos tpia aXis ix of IXiaaw was his queen, Triptolemos either his mm Bacchos checked her, and handed to the kindly old man skins full of curetrouble liquor. He took in his right hand and offered Icarios a cup of sweet fragrant wine, as he greeted him in friendly words : Sir, I deem you happy, for your fellow-citizens will celebrate you, proclaiming aloud that Icarios has found fame to obscure Celeos, and Erigone to outdo Metaneira. I rival Demeter of the olden days, because Deo too brought a gift, the harvest-corn, to you the winecheeked grape of my vintage. You alone rival Ganymedes in heaven, you more blessed than Triptolemos was before ; for corn does not dissolve the sorrows that eat the heart, but the winebearing grape is the healer of human pain." handsome cup full of mindawakening wine to the hospitable old man. The old hardworking gardener drank, and drank again, with desire insatiable for the dewy trickling drops. His girl poured no more milk, but reached him cup after cup of wine until her father was drunken ; and when at last he had taken enough of that table spread vith cups, the gardener skipt about with changing step, staggering and rolling sideways, and struck up the Euian chant of Zagreus for Dionysos. Then the plantloving god presented to the old countryman Euian shoots of vine in return for his hospitable table, and the Lord taught " The word tXaos is very doubtful. It means " gracious," " benign," and is correctly used of the feeling of a kindly deity or other superior being towards his inferiors, but seems very much out of place of good old Icarios. It seems likely that some such epithet as ydl'os should be read, " you on earth rival Ganymede in heaven." ovK dno NrjiaBiov fuXitfida 6&pa itofdinif tO him the art of making them grow, by breaking and ditching and curving the shoots round into the soil." other countrymen the gifts of Bromios with their vintage of grapes, and taught them how to plant and care for the viny growth of Dionysos ; he poured into his rustic mixer streams of wine inexhaustible, and cheered the hearts of banqueters with cup after cup, releasing the fragrant liquid from his wineskins.

Many a one would compliment Erigone's father with grateful words as he drank the sweet liquor of ' " Tell us, gaffer, how you found on earth the nectar of Olympos ? This golden water never came from Cephisos, this honeysweet treasure was not brought from the Naiads ! For our fountains do not bubble up honey-streams like this, the river Ilissos does not run in such a purple flood. This is no drink from the plantloving bee, which quickest of all brings satiety to mortal man. This is another kind of water, sweeter than sweet honey ; this is no national draught born from the Athenian olive. You have a drink richer than milk which ever keeps its taste, mingled with drops of honey-posset. If the rosyarm Seasons have learnt to distil a drink for mortals from all the flowercups that grow in our gardens, I would call this a spring-time beverage of Adonis or Cythereia, the sweetsmelling dew of roses ! A strange drink yours, which dissolves trouble ! for it has scattered my cares wandering in the winds of heaven.

this gift from heaven ? Can it be that Athena your cityholder has provided this ? Who has stolen the mixing-bowl from the sky," from which Ganymedes mixes the hquor and ladles out a cup for Zeus and the immortals ? O more blessed than hospitable Celeos, can it be you also have yourself entertained some gracious Olympian who dwells in the heavens ? I beheve some other god came in mirth to visit your roof, and gave this drink to our country in friendship for your hospitable table, as Deo gave us corn ! " and from his hps rang out a stream of rustic song in sweet madness. made a wild revel over the wine which dazed their wits. Their eyes rolled, their pale cheeks grew red — for they drank their liquor neat, their peasant-breasts grew hot, their heads grew heavy with the drink, the veins were swollen upon their foreheads. The bosom of the earth shook before their eyes, the trees danced and the mountains skipt. Men fell on their backs rolling helplessly over the ground, full of the unfamiliar wine with its slippery drops.

murderous infatuation charged upon poor Icarios in maniac fury, as if the wine were mixt with a deceiving drug — one holding an iron poleaxe, one with a shovel for a weapon in his hands, one holding the cornreaping sickle, another raising an immense block of stone, while another, beside himself, brandished a cudgel in his hand — all striking the old man : one came near with a goad and pierced his body with beaten with blows fell to the ground, then leaping poryaXiov nXr yfjoLV dpLoipaioio at -qpov. upon the table upset the mixing-bowl and rolled half-dead in the flood of ruddy wine : his head sank under the shower of blows from the countrymen, and drops of his red blood mingled with the red wine. Now next-door to death he stammered out human care, that sweet one is pitiless against me alone ! It has given a merry heart to all men, and it has brought fate to Icarios. The sweet one is no friend to Erigone, for Dionysos who mourns not has made my girl to mourn." and stayed his voice : there he lay dead with eyes wide open, far from his modest daughter. His murderers heavy with wine slumbered careless on the bare ground like dead men. When they awoke, they mourned aloud for him they had unwittingly slain, and in their right mind now they carried his body on their shoulders up to a woody ridge, and washed his wounds in the abundant waters of a mountain brook. So they who had slain buried him they had slain in their senseless fury, the same murderous hands buried the body which they had room of Erigone. It was a light phantom in mortal shape, the shadowy vision of a dream, like a man newly slain ; the wretched ghost wore a tunic with marks that betrayed the unexplained murder, red with blood and dirty with dust, torn to rags by blows on blows of beating steel. The phantom stretched out its hands and came close to the girl, and pointed out the wounds on the newly mangled naTpo l 6vovs Kopwa o ISpcurcf dXXi at haUuMHif limbs for her to see. The maiden shrieked in this melancholy dream, when she saw so many wounds on that head, when the poor thing saw the blood which had lately pom-ed from that red throat. And the shade of her father spoke these words to his Wake, and search for my drunken murderers ! I am your much-afflicted father, whom the savage country folk have destroyed because of wine with cold steel.

I call you happy, my child ; your father was killed, but you heard not the smashing of my beaten head, you saw not the hoary hair stained with gore, the body new-mangled panting on the ground, you saw not the clubs that killed your father. No : Providence kept you far away from your father, and guarded your eyes that they might not see the death of a murdered sire. Look at my clothes, red with blood ! For yesterday country people drunken with cup after cup of wine and dribbling the unfamiliar juice of Bacchos, thronged about me. As the steel tore me, I called on the shepherds, and they heard not my voice : only Echo heard the noise of me and followed with answering tones, and mourned your father with a copy of my lamentable words. Never now wdll you lift your crook in the midst of the woodlands and go to the meadows and flowery pasture along with a rustic husband, feeding your flock ; never will you handle your hoe to work about the trees and bring water along the channels to make the garden grow. Yet be not too greedy vith my honeydripping fruit, but weep for me your father low fallen in death. I shall see you living as an orphan and knowing nothing of marriage." flew away. But the girl awaking tore her rose-red cheeks, and mourning scored her firm breasts with her finger-nails, and tore long locks of hair from the roots ; then seeing the cattle still standing by her on the rock, the sorrowful maiden cried in a voice loved hills ! Tell me my father's fate, ye bulls that knew him well ! Who were the murderers of my father slain ? Where has my darling father gone ? Is he wandering over the countryside, staying with the countrymen and teaching a neighbour to plant the young shoots of his fair vintage, or is he the guest of some pastoral gardener and sharing his feast ?

Tell his mourning daughter, and I will endure till he come. If my father is still alive, I will live with my parent again and water the plants of his garden : bui if my father is dead and plants trees no more, I will face death like his over his dead body." the mountain forest, seeking the tracks of her father newly slain. But to her questions no goatherd was bold to reply, no herdsman of cattle in the woodlands pitied the maiden or pointed to a faint trace of her father still unheard-of, no ancient shepherd showed her the body of Icarios, but she wandered in vain. At last a gardener found her and told the sad news in a sorrowful voice, and showed the tomb to her but with sober madness : she plucked the hair from her head and laid it upon the beloved tomb, a maiden unveiled, unshod, drenching her clothes with selfshed baKpvaw a€vdoiai X€Xovfitvov cfx x rtami, icai Bdv€., Kox yMfMV tlxfv iKo6a%air ol Be fjiiv oucTtipoiTcy ovi cov ciy vr vArf showers of ever-flowing tears. Speechless for a time, Erigone kept her lips sealed with silence ; the dog the companion of Erigone shared her feelings, he whimpered and howled by the side of his mourning mistress, sorrowing with her sorrow. Wildly she ran up to a tall tree : she tied upon it a rope with a noose fast about her neck and hung herself high in the air, twisting in self-sought agonies with her two twitching feet. So she died, and had a willing fate ; her dog ran round and round the girl with sorrowful howls, a dumb animal dropping tears of sympathy from his eyes.

unguarded, but there he stayed by the tree, and chased off the preying beasts, panther or lion. Then wayfarers passed, and he showed with mute gestures the unwedded maid hanging in the tree with a noose about her neck. Full of pity they came up to the tree on tiptoe, and took down the chaste maiden from the leafy branches ; then hollowed a grave close by with earthdigging shovels. The sorrowing dog knew what they did, and helped them, scratching and scattering the surface of the soil with sharp claws and grubbing with clever feet. So the wayfarers buried the body but lately dead, and they went away on their business quickfoot with a weight of sorrow under their hearts one and all. But the dog remained near the tomb alone, for love of Erigone, and there he died of his own free will. in the company of the stars near the Lion's back. Kai rd fJL€v (irXaat fivSoi Axqukos 'ffid&a vttBw dpTL ydp VTTVcjovaav in alytaXoiaw idaa as old at lea t as Aristophanes P ae$ 832), and Nonoos usr The rustic maid holds an ear of corn ; for she did not wish to carry the red grapes which had been her father's death. And Zeus brought old Icarios into the starspangled sky to move beside his daughter, and called him Bootes, the Plowman, shining bright, and touching the Wain of the Arcadian Bear. The Dog he made also a fiery constellation " chasing the Hare, in that part where the starry image of seafaring Argo voyages round the circle of Olympos.

as usual persuasion with falsehood : but the truth is : Zeus our Lord on high joined the soul of Erigone with the star of the heavenly Virgin holding an ear of corn, and near the heavenly Dog he placed a dog hke him in shape, Seirios of the autumn as they call him, and the soul of Icarios he combined with Bootes in the heavens. These are the gifts of Cronides to the vinelands of Attica, offering one honour to Pallas and Dionysos together. Ilissos, and went in dainty revel to the vineclad district of Naxos. About him bold Eros beat his wings, and Cythereia led, before the coming of Lyaios the bridegroom. For Theseus had just sailed away, and left without pity the banished maiden asleep on the shore, scattering his promises to the winds." When Dionysos beheld deserted Ariadne sleeping, he mingled love Crete as one of the human victims for the Minotaur. With the help of Ariadne, daughter of Minos king of Cnossos, he overcame it and then sailed away, taking Ariadne with him.

Here the story in all surviving accounts is defective, but parallel stories from elsewhere in Europe make it clear that he did something magically wrong and so fell into a Therefore he left her asleep on Naxos. with wonder, and spoke out his admiration cautiously to the danceweaving Bacchants : be no sound of pipes or feet. Let Cypris rest ! — But she has not the cestus which marks the Cyprian. I believe it is the Grace that wedded Hypnos, cunning creature ! " But since dawn is bright and morning seems near, awaken sleeping Pasithea. But who has given a dress to the naked Grace in Naxos, who ? Is it Hebe ? But to whom has she left the goblet of the Blessed ? Can this be Selene, that bright driver of cattle, lying on the seashore ? Then how can she be sleeping apart from her inseparable Endymion ? Is it silverfoot Thetis I see on the strand ? No, it is not naked, that rosy form. If I may dare to say so, it is the Archeress resting here in Naxos from her labours of the hunt, now she has wiped off in the sea the sweat of hunting and slaying. For hard work always brings sweet sleep. But who has seen Artemis in the woods in long robes ? Stay, Bacchants ing, dear Pan, that you may not disturb the morning sleep of Athena. No — with whom did Pallas leave her spear ? and who bears the bronze helmet or aegis lovelorn girl scattered sleep, awoke and rose from the sand, and she saw no fleet, no husband — the deceiver ! But the Cydonian maiden lamented with the kingfishers, and paced the heavy murmuring shore which was all that the Loves had given her.

She called on the young man's name, madly she sought his vessel along the seaside, scolded the AloXov jJT€€ fiaXXov dOtXy a' XufOOiUtFfi M cifca ev ciV Kpiaiv Ka cAo ifMi 'A kpomn; envious sleep, reproached even more the Paphian's mother, the sea ; she prayed to Boreas and adjured the wind, adjured Oreithyia to bring back the boy to the land of Naxos and to let her see that sweet ship again. She besought hardhearted Aiolos yet more ; he heard her prayer and obeyed, sending a contrary wind to blow, but Boreas lovelorn himself cared nothing for the maid stricken with desire — yes, even the breezes themselves must have had a spite against the maiden when they carried the ship to the Athenian land. Eros himself admired the maiden, and thought he saw Aphrodite lamenting in Naxos where all is joy. She was even more resplendent in her grief, and pain was a grace to the sorrower. Compare the two, and Aphrodite gently smiling and laughing with love must give place to Ariadne in sorrow, the delectable eyes of Peitho or the Graces or Love himself must yield to the maiden's tears. At last in her tears she found voice to speak thus : left me. Would that I had been still happy when he left me ! But in my sleep I saw the land of Cecrops ; in the palace of Theseus was a splendid wedding and dance with songs for Ariadne, and my happy hand was adorning the Loves' blooming altar with luxuriant spring flowers. And I wore a bridal wreath ; Theseus was beside me in wedding garments, sacrificing to Aphrodite. Alas, what a sweet dream I saw ! But now it is gone, and I am left here yet virgin.

Forgive me, Peitho ! All this bridal pomp the misty be virgin. The local legend was that Ariadne died in child- GOV ttXoov €k No oto fiTT yayov apnayts o jpcu, darkness marshalled for me, all this the envious dawn of day has torn from me — and awaking I found not my heart's desire ! Are the very images of Love and Love Returned jealous of me ? " for I saw a deUghtful vision of marriage accomplished in a deceitful dream, and lovely Theseus was gone. rocks, tell the unhappy lover — who stole the man of Athens ? If it should be Boreas blowing, I appeal to Oreithyia : but Oreithyia hates me, because she also has the blood of Marathon, whence beloved Theseus came. If Zephyros torments me, tell Iris the bride of Zephyros and mother of Desire, to behold Ariadne maltreated. If it is Notos, if bold Euros, I appeal to Eos and reproach the mother of the blustering winds, pleasant ; send me another delectable dream like that, so that I may know the sweet bed of love in a deceptive dream ! Only linger upon my eyes, that I may know the unreal passion of married love in a dream ! O Theseus my treacherous bridegroom, if the marauding winds have carried your course from Naxos to the Athenian land, tell me now I ask, and I vdll resort to Aiolos at once reproaching the jealous and wicked winds. But if some cruel seaman without your knowledge left me outlawed in desert Naxos, and sailed away, he sinned against Theseus and against Themis, against Ariadne. May that sailor never see a favourable wind ; if he rides the raging storm, may Melicertes never look on him graciously altars are both of comparatively late origin does not trouble Srjacvs €itX€€ fiovvof y twLBivaf 'A iJMif .

rtds h OVK tlhov Aftji«as or bring him a calm sea ; but may Notos blow when he wants Boreas, may he see Em'os when he needs Zephyros ; when the winds of springtime blow upon all mariners, may he alone meet with a wintry sea. bhnded when I desired the countryman of chaste Athena. Would that I had not desired him, love-lorn ! For Theseus is as savage as he is charming in love. This is not what he said to me while yet he handled my thread, this is not what he said at our labyrinth ! « voice, no more folly, do not kill the dehghtful boy. Alas, my love ! Theseus "has sailed alone to Athens his happy mother. I know why he left me — in love no doubt with one of the maidens who sailed with him, and now he holds wedding dance for the other at Marathon while I still walk in Naxos. My bridal bower was Naxos, O Theseus my treacherous bridegroom ! I have lost both father and bridegroom : alas my love ! I see not Minos, I behold not Theseus ; Athens ; both father and fatherland are lost. O unhappy me ! Your gift for my love is the water of the brine. Who can be my refuge ? What god will catch me up and convey to Marathon Ariadne, that she may claim her rights before Cypris and Theseus ? Who will take me and carry me over the flood ? If only I could myself see another thread, to guide my way too ! Such a thread I want for myself, to escape from the Aigaian flood and cross to Marathon, that I may embrace you even if you hate Ariadne, that I may embrace you my perjured husband. Take me for maze where the Minotaur lived.

Kai aTOp€a€o aio Xitcrpa . . . ari aov No io eaai Trap oai novTonop€Vijjv , ToUl KlWpOfUvqs €7r€Tipn€TO J dKXOS OKOVWV your chambermaid, if you like, and I will lay your bed, and be your Ariadne (in Marathon) instead of Crete, like some captive girl. I will endure to serve your most happy bride ; I will ply the rattling loom, and lift a pitcher on envious shoulders, an unfamiliar task, and bring handwash after supper for sweet Theseus — only let me see Theseus ! My mother too once was the menial of a farmer, and bowed her neck for a herdsman, and prattled of love to a dumb bull in the pasture, and brought the bull a calf. She cared not to hear the herdsman make music on his pipe so much as to hear the bellowing bull. I will not touch the crook, I will not stand in the stall ; but I wdll be ready beside my queen to hear the voice of Theseus, not the bellowing of a bull. I will sing a lovely song for your wedding, and hide my jealousy of your newly sailor, stay your ship for me ! What — are you angry too ? So you too come from Marathon ? If you are bound for your lovely land, where is the home of love, take this unhappy girl on board that I may behold the city of Cecrops. If you must leave me, pitiless, and go on your voyage, tell your Theseus of mourning Ariadne, how she reproaches the treacherous oath of love unfulfilled. I know why angry Eros has left unfulfilled Theseus the deceiver's promise. He swore his marriage-oath not by Hera, whom they call the Nuptial goddess, but by the immaculate Athena, the goddess who knows nothing of marriage. He swore by Pallas — and what has Pallas to do with Cythereia ? " " When she was disguised as a cow.

fivfjoTiv €a Srtarjo ' €X€if iSwotm JKolxq , TTaihos €7)9 8ia Koapov OXvpTnov' a2d€piov9 yap He noticed Cecropia, and knew the name of Theseus and the deceitful voyage from Crete. Before the girl he appeared in his radiant godhead ; Eros moved swdftly about, and with stinging cestus he whipt the maiden into a nobler love, that he might lead Minos 's daughter to join wilhngly with his brother Dionysos. Then Bacchos comforted Ariadne, lovelorn and lamenting, with these words in his mindcharming man of Athens ? Let pass the memory of Theseus ; you have Dionysos for your lover, a husband incorruptible for the husband of a day ! If you are pleased with the mortal body of a youthful yearsmate, Theseus can never challenge Dionysos in manhood or comeliness. But you will say, ' He shed the blood of the halfbull man whose den was the earthdug labyrinth ! ' But you know your thread was his saviour : for the man of Athens with his club would never have found victory in that contest without a rosyred girl to help him. I need not tell you of Eros and the Paphian and Ariadne's distaff. You will not say that Athens is greater than heaven. Minos your father was not the equal of Zeus Almighty, Cnossos is not Uke Olympos. Not for nothing did that fleet sail from my Naxos, but Desire preserved you for a nobler bridal. Happy girl, that you leave the poor bed of Theseus to look on the couch of Dionysos the desirable ! What could you pray for higher than that ?

You have both heaven for your home and Cronion for your goodfather. Cassiepeia will not be equal to you because of her daughter's Olympian glory ; for " In this as in many other details Theseus is an echo of Na idSo; GKipTT)a€ ymioaroXo iapuK Epurrw¥, Kol XapiTojv nXrjOovoav dfupu a Nofoi' idaas Perseus has left her heavenly chains to Andromeda even in the stars, but for you I will make a starry crown," that you may be called the shining bedfellow of crownloving Dionysos." joy, and cast into the sea all her memories of Theseus when she received the promise of wedlock from her heavenly wooer. Then Eros decked out a bridal chamber for Bacchos, the wedding dance resounded, about the bridal bed all flowers grew ; the dancers of Orchomenos surrounded Naxos with foliage of spring, the Hamadryad sang of the wedding, the Naiad nymph by the fountains unveiled unshod praised the union of Ariadne with the vinegod : Ortygia cried aloud in triumph, and chanting a bridal hymn for Lyaios the brother of Phoibos cityholder she «kipt in the dance, that unshakable rock. Fiery Eros made a round flowergarland with red roses and plaited a wreath coloured like the stars, as prophet and herald of the heavenly Crown ; and round about the Naxian bride danced a swarm of the Loves which attend on marriage.

wedded love sowed the seed of many children. Then rolling the long circle of hoary time, he remembered Rheia his prolific mother ; and leaving faultless Naxos still full of Graces he visited all the towns of Hellas. He came near horsebreeding Argos, even though Hera ruled the Inachos. But the people would not receive him ; they chased away the danceweaving women and Satyrs ; they repudiated the thyrsus, lest Hera should be jealous and destroy her Pelasgian seat, if " The constellation Corona. rji6€ujv Ktipovro Xivorpixo diS a sc6panif, her heavy wrath should press hard on Lyaios ; they checked the old Seilenoi. Then Dionysos, angry, sent madness upon all the Inachian women. The women of Achaia loudly bellowed ; they attacked those they met at the threeways ; the poor creatures sharpened knives for their own newborn babies — one mother drew sword and slew her son, another destroyed her threeyearold child, one again hurled into the air her baby boy still searching for the welcome milk.

Inachos was stained with the death of perishing newborn babes ; a mother killed a son, never missed him at her nursing breast, never thought of the pangs of travail. Asterion, where the young men so often cut the flower of their bared brows as firstfruits of growing age, now received the children themselves and no longer locks of hair. country thus called out to one of the servants of has her Perseus, one worthy of Hera, and needs not Dionysos. I have another son of Zeus and I want no Bacchos. Dionysos treads the vintage with dancing feet ; my countryman cuts the air with hightravelling steps. Do not think ivy as good as the sickle, for Perseus with his sickle is better than Bacchos with his ivy ; if Bacchos destroyed the Indian host, I will announce an equal prize for Perseus Gorgonslayer and Dionysos Indianslayer. If Bacchos once in the western region of the rolling sea turned into stone a Tyrrhenian ship and fixt it puberty, commonly cut their hair and offered it to a local deity, often a river.

in the sea, my Perseus turned into stone a whole huge monster of the deep. If your Dionysos saved Ariadne, sleeping on the sands beside an empty sea, Perseus on the wing loosed the chains of Andromeda and offered the stone seamonster as a worthy bridal gift. Not for the Paphian's sake, not while she longed for Theseus did Perseus save Andromeda to be his bride ; a chaste wedding was his. No fiery lightnings burnt Danae to ashes, like Semele ; but the father of Perseus came to his wedding as a golden shower of love from heaven, not as a flaming bedlusty spear of war does he hold ? Stay, Perseus, do not fight the woman's ivy with your Gorgonslayer sickle, do not defile your hand with a woman's buskins, do not shake the cap of Hades " upon your brow against a Teath of vineleaves — but if you wish, Dionysos, I tell you ; leave Argos and its horses and madden once more the women of sevengate Thebes. Find another Pentheus to kill — what has Perseus to do with Dionysos ? Let be the swift stream of Inachos, and let the slow river of Aonian Thebes receive you. I need not remind you of heavy knee Asopos boiling still with the thunderbolt." while Pelasgian Hera equipped her Argive army ; she took the shape of the seer Melampus, and angrily called to Perseus Gorgonslayer in martial words : race ! Lift your sickle, and let not weak women invisible in his adventures. " Cf. xxiii. 232.

lay waste your Argos with an unwarlike thyrsus. Tremble not before only one snake wreathed in the hair, when your monsterslaying sickle reaped such a harvest as the vipers of Medusa ! Attack the army of Bassarids ; remember the brazen vault which was Danae's chamber, where Rainy Zeus poured in her bosom a shower of bridestealing gold — let not Danae after that bed, after the wedding of gold, bend a slavish knee to that nobody Dionysos. Show that you have in you the true blood of Cronion, show that you have the golden breed, proclaim the bed that received that snowstorm of heavenly riches. Make war on the Satyrs too : turn towards battling Lyaios the deadly eye of snakehair Medusa, and let me see a new Polydectes made stone after the hateful king of wavewashed Seriphos. By your side is Argive Hera in arms, allvanquishing, the stepmother of Bromios. Defend Mycene hft your sickle to save our city, that I may behold Ariadne captive of your spear following Perseus. Kill the array of bullhorned Satyrs, change with the Gorgon's eye the human countenances of the Bassarids into hke images selfmade ; with the beauty of the stone copies adorn your streets, and make statues like an artist for the Inachian market-places. Why do you tremble before Dionysos, no offspring of the bed of Zeus ? Tell me, what could he do to you ? When shall a footfarer on the ground catch a winged traveller of the the fray. The Pelasgian trumpet blared calling the people. They came, one lifting the spear of spearman Avaucofiovs 5 l6Patcxos ids it(6pvaa€ yinmira; Kowj it,(tiV dhdp,avra, At09 ir€Tpovfi€VOV Oftfipip weapons is to let Nonnos show his knowledsv of the ksendary kinffs of Argas. Danaos apiwinntly slfrnaTled with hb nrofd to his daughters to set upon their husbands. For the Lynceus, one the spear of Phoroneus more ancient still, one that of Pelasgos, one carried on his arm the oxhide of Abas, and the ashplant of Proitos, another bore the quiver of Acrisios; this bold man stood up to fight holding the sword of Danaos, which once he raised naked when he armed his daughters for grasped the great axe which Inachos held to strike the bulls' foreheads, when he stood as the inspired priest of Hera Cityholder." The battlestirring host behind their prancing teams ran with Perseus to the field ; and he stood before them shouting the warcry with harsh voice, on foot himself, and shook back the rounded quiver over his shoulder, and fitted arrows to curving bow. Perseus of the sickle was champion of the Argives ; he fitted his feet into the flying shoes, and he Hfted up the head of Medusa which no eyes ing locks, and Satyrs with horns. Wild for battle he was when he saw the winged champion coursing through the air. The thyrsus was held up in his hand, and to defend his face he carried a diamond, the gem made stone in the showers of Zeus which protects against the stony glare of Medusa, that the baleful light of that destroying face may do him no harm.

ranks of the Bassarids and the gear of Lyaios, laughed terribly and cried — list, see Statius, Theb. iv. 589 flp. " Probably Dionysos protects himself with a diamond because this stone venena vincit atque inritafacit et lymphationes abigit metusque vanos expellit a mente Pliny N.H. that greenleaf shaft, inarching against me armed with your wretched foHage, playing at war ! If you have in you the blood of Zeus, show your breeding ! If you have the water of golden Pactolos River, I have a golden Father — my father is Zeus of the Rains. See the crimson foundations of my mother's chamber, still keeping relics of that snowstorm of wealth ! Go, flee now from famous Argos, since these buildings belong to steadfast Hera, your mother's destroyer, lest she make you the maddener mad, lest I see you once more driven with frenzy at last." vanquishing Hera marshalled the battle, and scattered the Bacchants with Medusa's reaper; she dashed upon Bacchos Uke the lightning, a godsent leaping fire, and cast at Bromios her gleaming flashing lance. But Dionysos laughing replied in a wild blade of yours, with no iron ; you cannot scare me, though your point is on fire ! Even the lightning of Zeus does not hurt me ; for when I was half-made and still a baby the thunders bathed me, pouring breath which burnt not upon inviolate Dionysos. You too, Perseus of the sickle, proud as you are, make an end ! This is no battle for a feeble Gorgon, the prize is not a lone girl in heavy chains, Andromeda.

Lyaios is your enemy, the offspring of Zeus, to whom alone long ago Rheia offered the Ufe-giving breast ; for whom long ago the flame of marriagelightning was a gentle midwife ; the admiration of East and of West, before whom the armies of India gave way ; at whom Deriades trembled, and ayxiV€if € n€pifi€rpov ivtov h fiaf, yimt ircmtrTrt oAAd KaraKT€ivcj a€, tcox ai); fi a(7a MtHOTny Orontes with his towering giant-stature fell ; to whom bold Alpos bent his knee, that son of Earth with huge body rising near the clouds ; to whom the Arabian nation kneels down, and the Sicilian mariner still sings the changeling shape of seascouring Tyrrhenian pirates, when once I transformed their human bodies and now instead of men they are fishes dancing and leaping in the sea. Thebes ; I need not remind you of Pentheus in dire madness and Agaue who slew her child ; you need no tale or witness how your Argos has felt Lyaios, and the wives of Achaia themselves are still mourning for their children. Very well, fight, my friend, and soon you shall praise Bacchos with his weapons of leafage, when you see the wings of your shoes yielding to my unconquerable buskins. Never shall you scatter my battling Bassarids, never will I cease casting my vinewand, until I show Argos your throat pierced by my spear of ivy and your sickle beaten by my leaves.

Zeus my father will not save you, nor Brighteyes my sister, nor your own Hera, however she hates the steadfast Dionysos : but I will kill you, and boastful Mycene shall see beheaded the man who beheaded Medusa. Or I will bind you in a chest with greater bonds, and throw you to float again on the sea you know so well ; you may land again at Seriphos by and by, if you like. If you are so proud of your golden birth, you may take the golden Aphrodite, that goodfor-nothing, to help you." Bacchants fell to, the Satyrs joined the battle. Over the head of Bromios Perseus flew in the air, flapping his light wings ; but lobacchos lifted his body and Kal a€ apov TnyrofLoio Bvyarpaaw rose wingless on high near to the heavens with larger hmbs over flying Perseus, and brought his hand near the sevenring sky, and touched Olympos, and crushed the clouds : Perseus quivered with fear as he saw the right hand of Dionysos out of reach and touching the sun, catching hold of the moon.

Bacchants. He shook in his hand the deadly face of Medusa, and turned armed Ariadne into stone. Bacchos was even more furious when he saw his bride all stone. He would have sacked Argos and razed Mycene to the ground and mowed down the whole host of Danaans, yes even wounded invulnerable Hera herself, who was fighting unrecognized in the false borrowed shape of a mortal, a seer, and Swiftshoe Perseus would have perished, fate or no fate, — but Hermes appeared behind him with winged shoes and pulled him back by his golden hair, and calmed him with friendly words to avert the ruin : jealous Hera ! You know how I saved you from the fires that fell from heaven, and entrusted you to those Nymphs, the daughters of river Lamos, when still a Uttle child ; how again I carried you in my arms to the house of Ino your fostering nurse. Then show gratitude, my brother, to your saviour the son of Maia, and still this feud of brothers — for both Perseus and Dionysos are offspring of one sire. Do not reproach the people of Argos, nor the sickle of Perseus, for he arms not willingly for this war. But Hera has armed him, and she is fighting openly in the shape of the seer Melampus. Retire and leave the strife, or Hera irre- " Cf. ix. 28. Only Nonnos mentions this obscure river-god ciHojaaj aco Ovpaov Axaua&as hi yvt'ducas IV concilable may overwhelm you again in her might. But you will urge the fate of your bride. She has died in battle, a glorious fate, and you ought to think Ariadne happy in her death, because she found one so great to slay her, one sprung from heaven and of no mortal stock, one who killed the seamonster and beheaded horsebreeding " Medusa. The Fates' threads obey not persuasion. For Electra died, the bedfellow of heavenly Zeus ; Europa herself disappeared after the Olympian bed, the sister of your Cadmos, she who was wedded to Zeus ; your mother perished too, while she still carried you in her womb ; Semele entered not the gates of Olympos before death, but after she had received her fate. And your bride even in death shall enter the starspangled sky, and she will be seen near Maia my mother among the seven travelling Pleiads. What could Ariadne wish more welcome than to live in the heavens and give light to the earth, after Crete ? Come now, lay down your thyrsus, let the winds blow battle away, and fix the selfmade image of mortal Ariadne where the image of heavenly Hera stands. Do not sack the city where the stock of your parents remains, but still your thyrsus, and respect the country of cowhorn lo. You will praise the women of Achaia by and by, when they shall build an altar to bullface Hera and your charming bride." horses returned to the sky, after he had mingled a league of friendship between Perseus and Dionysos.

Nor did Argive Hera remain long in that place ; but putting off her pretended mortal body she took her known that, probably did originally mean " cow-faced." a€iaar€ xaXK€a poirrpa tccu Evta rv inufa Ptitfi, aif a ofi€vcjv (rroixrfiov hraamn4puf¥ air6 TOilyMM , divine form and returned to Olympos. Then old Melampus addressed the Icarian host, he the offspring of divine Pelasgian Lynceus founder of the race : — honour of wineface Bacchos, shake your bronze tambours and the Euian cymbals of Rheia, that he may not vipe out the whole Inachian race, that he may not destroy the young men after the little children, that he may not kill the wives after their offspring. Come, do sacrifice to Bacchos and Zeus, and please the god's heart, and dance before Perseus and gathered together, and struck up a song with nightly dances for Bacchos and performed the holy rites : in the pious dance the tambours rattled, the feet beat the ground, the torches blazed. All the people in company smeared their cheeks with white mystic chalk. Kettledrums rattled, the double tap sounded as the bronze was beaten. Altars were red with bulls slaughtered in rows one after another, a multitude of sheep were killed. At the burning altar men made their peace with Bacchos, women won his grace. Women's voices resounded in the air echoing in turn the song of salvation ; Inachian women and Mainad women cast their deluding fury to the winds.

Aristophanes, Clouds 261, and the scholiast there. It was a means of purification, presumably because of its colour.