BOOK XXXVII

When the thirty-seventh takes its turn, there are contests about the tomb, the men competing So the Indians, now sensible and busy with friendship, threw their Bacchic war to the winds, and buried their dead with tearless eyes, as prisoners now set free from the earthy chains of human life, and the soul returning whence it came, back to the starting-place in the circling course. So the army of Bacchos had rest. " When Dionysos saw friendly calm instead of war, early in the morning he sent out mules and their attendant men to bring dry wood from the mountains, that he might burn with fire the dead body of who was well practised in the secrets of the lonely thickets which he knew so well, for he had learnt about the highland haunts of Circe ' his mother. The woodman's axe cut down the trees in long rows. Many an elm was felled by the long edge of the axe, n. xxiii. The whole book is quite minutely imitated from the same model. Hesiodic poems ; here she is the mother of the Latin wooddfJLoi icjv dno So poir . • • IlotT CTav §6 TTVprjv iKarofiTTebov €v6a Koi hSa many an oak with leaves waving high struck down with a crash, many a pine lay all along, many a fir stooped its dry needles ; as the trees were felled far and wide, little by little the rocks were bared. So many a Hamadryad Nymph sought another home, and swiftly joined the unfamiliar maids of the the hills traversing different mountain-paths. One saw them up aloft, out in front, coming down, crossing over, with feet wandering in all directions.

The sticks were packed in bundles with ropes well twisted and fastened tight and trim, and laid on the mules' backs ; the animals set out in hnes, and the hooves rang on the mountain-paths as they hurried along, the surface of the sandy dust was burdened by heavy logs dragged behind. Satyrs and Pans were busy ; some cut wood with axes, . . . some pulled it from tree after tree with their hands, ... or Hfted trunks with untiring arms and rattled over the rocks with dancing feet. All this woodmen laid out upon the earth, where Euios had marked a place on the ground for the tomb of Opheltes. cities. Over the body they cut the tress of mourning with the steel of sadness. Groaning for him, they streamed one after another, and covered the whole body with their hair each in his turn. Bacchos lamented the dead with umnournful face and tearless eyes, and cutting one lock from his uncropt head he laid it upon Opheltes as his gift.

built the pyre a hundred feet this way and that way, and on the middle of the pyre they laid out the body. TTipihthpopev dirropLtvum nvp, TO with the rubbing or twirling of a hardwcHKl (" niak ") in a groove or hole in one of soft wood (' female '). Asterios of Dicte drew the sword that hung by his side, and cut the throats of twelve swarthy Indians over the body, then brought and laid them in a close orderly circle around it. There also he placed jars of honey and oil. Many oxen and sheep of the flock were butchered in front of the pyre ; he heaped the bodies of the slain cattle round the body, together with rows of newly slaughtered horses, taking from each of them in turn all the fat which he laid like a rich girdle all round the body. rock-loving Circe, the frequenter of the vilderness, who dwelt in the Tyrsenian land, who had learnt as a boy the works of his wild mother, brought from a rock the firebreeding stones which are tools of the mountain lore ; and from a place where thunderbolts falling from heaven had left trusty signs of ictory, he brought the relics of the divine fire to kindle the pyre of the dead. With the sulphur of the divine bolt he smeared and anointed the hollows of the two firebreeding stones. Then he scraped off a light dry sprig of Erythraian growth and put it between the two stones ; he rubbed them to and fro, and thus striking the male against the female, he drew forth the fire hidden in the stone to a spontaneous birth, and applied it to the pyre where the wood from the forest lay.

man's pyre ; so the god came near, and fixing his eye on Phaethon, called upon Euros the eastern wind to bring him a breeze to blow on his pyre and help. As Bromios called, the Morning Star hard by heard his " Looking straight at the sun, which apparently was just rising or risen. appeal, and sent his brother " to Lyaios, to make the pyre burn up by his brisker breath. mother, and fanned the blazing pyre all night long, stirring up the windfed leaping fire ; the wild breezes, neighbours of the sun, shot the gleams into the air. Along with sorrowing Lyaios, Asterios of Dicte who was one of his kindred, holding a twohandled cup of sweet fragrant wine, made the dust of the earth drunken in honour of the soul of Arestor's son now carried on the wind. dewy car, scored the night with his ruddy gleams, then all awoke, and quenched their comrade's pyre with cups of Bacchos's juice in turn. Then the hot wind returned on quick pinions to the lightbringing mansion of Helios. Asterios collected the bones, and wrapping them in folded fat laid the relics of the dead in a golden urn. Then the whirling Cory bants, since their lot was cast in the haunts of Ida, gave burial to the body as an inhabitant of one country, a trueborn son of Crete, and digging the foundations deep they made his round tomb in a hollow dug in the earth, and last of all they poured foreign dust over Opheltes. They built up his barrow with taller stones, and engraved these Unes on this monument of their recent sorrow : " Here lies Arestor's son who untimely died : Cnossian, Indianslayer, comrade of place, here Nonnos has just implied that it was early morning.

dvTLTVTTois Xay6i'€aaiv €v(oof, oJov iS OMir prizes. He kept the people there, and marked out a wide space for games with the goal for a chariot-race. There was on the ground a stone of a fathom's mdth, rounded into a half-circle, like the moon, well smoothed on its two sides, such as an old craftsman has fashioned and rounded with industrious hands wishing to make the statue of a god. A giant Cyclops Ufted this in his hands and set it in the earth for a stone turning-post, and fixed another like it at the opposite end. There were various prizes, cauldron, eers. For the first, a bow and Amazonian quiver, a demilune buckler, and one of those warlike women, whom once as he walked on the banks of Thermodon he had taken while bathing and brought to the Indian city. For the second, a bay mare swift as the north wind, with long mane overshadowing her neck, still in foal and gone half her time and her belly swollen with the burden her mate had begotten. For the third, a corselet, and a shield for the fourth. This was a masterpiece made on the Lemnian anvil and adorned with gold patterns ; the round boss in the middle was wrought with silver ornaments. For the fifth, two ingots, treasure from the banks of Pactolos.

Then he stood up and encouraged the drivers ; ing war, to whom Seabluehair has given the racer's horsemanship ! You whom I urge are men not unacquainted with hardship, but used to heavy toils ; for our warriors hold dear all sorts of manly prowess. oAA' ovK Olvofidoio rrcAci hpo to , owe iXar ptS his knowledge of the ni -tholc g7 of aUilrtkr of Tantalos the Lydian, so' they may take example from kit many mythical origins of the games at OlympU, lo U Umj come from Pisa (the nearest town to the predncl of " where the games were held) that may eooouragc H especially as this is to be a clean and fair contest, with tricks such as Pelops played for the sake of hb Um of Hippodameia (141-143; the Foambom is Aphrodite). Or If one is of Lydian birth from Tmolos, he will do deeds worthy of the victorious racing of Pelops. If one comes from the land of Pisa, nurse of horses, a man of Elis with its fine chariots, a countryman of Oinomaos, he knows the sprigs of Olympian wild olive : but this is not the race of Oinomaos, our drivers here have not the goad of a marriage fatal to strangers — this is a race for honour and free from the Foamborn. If one has the land of Aonia or the blood of Phocis, he knows the Pythian contest honoured by Apollo. If he holds Marathon, rich in olives, the home of artists, he knows those j ars teeming with rich j nice. If one is a habitant of the fruitful land of Achaia, he has learnt of Pellene, where men wage a shivery contest for the welcome prize of a woollen cloak, a coat to huddle up their cold limbs in winter. If he has grown up to live in seagirdled Corinth, he knows the Isthmian contest of our and ran round each to his chariot. First Erechtheus brought his horse Bayard under the yoke, and if they are from the regions near Delphi (144), they are neighbours of the Pythian Games (that these were not founded till centuries later does not seem to trouble Nonnos).

If they are from the Isthmus of Corinth (152-153) they are to remember that the Games there are in honour of Palaimon naming the Nemean Games, said to have been founded by the Seven champions on their way to Thebes. Of the minor Games, the prizes for which were not wreaths but objects of value, he mentions (146) the (Heracleia at) Marathon, but obviously confuses them with the Panathenaia, for the Marathonian prizes were silver goblets (schol. Pind. 01. xiii. allusion is to the Hermaia at Pellene in Achaia, where the prize was a woollen cloak. Probably he had his information from Pindar and his scholiast. Arethusa, the fountain of Syracuse (amoac otbiwpUoBi), fastened in his mare Swiftfoot ; both sired by Northwind Boreas in winged couphng when he dragged a stormfoot Sithonian Harpy to himself, and the Wind gave them as loveprice to his goodfather Erechtheus when he stole Attic Oreithyia for his bride. Third was speedyfoal Scelmis, offspring of Earthshaker lord of the wet, who often cut the water of the sea driving the car of his father Poseidon. Fourth Phaunos leapt up, who came into the assembly alone bearing the semblance of his mother's father, ' with four horses under his yoke like Helios ; and fifth Achates mounted his Sicilian chariot, one insatiable for horsemanship, full of the passion which belongs to the river that feeds the olivetrees of Pisa. For he lived in the land of the nymph loved by hapless Alpheios, who brings to Arethusa as a gift of love his garlanded waters untainted by the brine.

his father, who addressed these loving injunctions to his eager son : perience than you. I know you have strength enough, that in you the bloom of youth is joined with courage ; for you have in you the blood of Apollo my father, and our Arcadian mares are stronger than any and consequently his waters flow under the sea without mingling with the salt water, to join hers, is told a hundred epithet orc aviy opov probably means that if a garland is thrown into Alpheios it will reappear in Arethusa ; elsewhere it is a silver cup, or dirt of some kind, or generally anjrthing that may be thrown into the river which gives this proof of the story. But it may simply refer to the garlands given as prizes at Olympia. Kal KajJidrovs viKyjaov Api(rraioio roK of' KcpSaXerjv a€o fJL-fJTLv, cVft Kara fitaaoy dywvof rreldcraL, rjvloxos he fierdrpoTro €ktoBi yvofnft O0 for the race. But all this is in vain, neither strength nor running horses know how to win, as much as the driver's brains. Cunning, only cunning you want ; for horseracing needs a smart clever man to drive.

you too all the tricks of the horsy art which time has taught me, and they are many and various. Do your best, my boy, to honour your father by your successes. Horseracing brings as great a repute as war ; do your best to honour me on the racecourse as well as the battlefield. You have won a victory in war, now win another, that I may call you prizewinner as well as spearman. My dear boy, do something worthy of Dionysos your kinsman, worthy both of Phoibos and of skilful Cyrene, and outdo the labours of your father Aristaios. Show your horsemastery, win your event like an artist, by your own sharp wits ; for without instruction one pulls the car off the course in the middle of a race, it wanders all over the place, and the obstinate horses in their unsteady progress are not driven by the whip or obedient to the bit, the driver as he turns back misses the post," he loses control, the horses run away and carry him back where they will. But one who is a master of arts and tricks, the driver with his wits about him, even with inferior horses, keeps straight and watches the man in front, keeps a course ever close to the post, wheels his car round without ever scratching the mark. Keep your eyes open, please, and tighten the guiding rein swinging the whole near horse about and just clearing the post, throwing your weight " Not the goal, but the mark at the end of the track where the cars were to turn ; it was a point of horsemanship to come as near as possible without actually hitting it.

Kal Tcov €vda Kal €v6a Kara hpofiov dpfui vop4vot¥ sideways to make the car tilt, guide your course by needful measure, watch until as your car turns the hub of the wheel seems almost to touch the surface of the mark with the near-circling wheel. Come very near without touching ; but take care of the stone, or you may strike the post with the axle against the turning-post and wreck both horses and car together. As you guide your team this way and that way on the course, act like a steersman ; ply the prick, scold and threaten the whip without sparing, press the off horse, lift him to a spurt, slacken the hold of the bit and don't let it irk him. Manage your car like a good steersman ; guide your car on a straight course, for the driver's mind is like a car's rudder if he drives with his head." having taught his son the various tricks of his trade as a horseman, which he knew so well himself.

into the helmet," turning away his face, and hoping to get the uncertain lot in his favour, as one who shakes his fingers for a throw of the doubtful dice far from him. So the leaders in turn took their lots. Horsemad Phaunos, offspring of the famous blood of Phaethon, was first by lot, and Achates was second, next came the brother of Damnamenes, and next to him Actaion ; but the best racer of all got the stood in a row each in his chariot. The umpire was honest Aiacos ; his duty was to view the crown-eager drivers turning the post, and to watch with unerring " They drew lots to see which should drive nearest the inside of the track. Scelmis. doTaros €v6a Kal ivda 7T€piKX€itov fXarrjpa Xepaairjv aKlxrjTov cVoiTjcravro nop€iT)v. eyes how the horses ran. He was the witness of truth, to settle quarrels and differences. went — one leading in the course, one trying to catch him as he raced in front, another chasing- the one between, and the last ran close to the latter of these two and strove to graze his chariot. As they got farther on driver caught driver and ran car against car, then shaking the reins forced off the horses with the jagged bit. Another neck and neck with a speeding rival ran level in the doubtful race, now upright when he could not help it, with bent hips urging the willing horse, just a touch of the master's hand and a light flick of the whip. Again and again he would turn and look back for fear of the car of the driver coming on behind : or as he made speed, the horse's hoof in the spring of his prancing feet would be slipping into a somersault, had not the driver checked his still hurrying pace and so held back the car which pressed him behind. Again, one in front with another driver following behind would change his course to counter the rival car, moving from side to side uncertainly so as to bar the way to the other who pressed him close. And Scelmis, offspring of the Earthshaker, swung Poseidon's seawhip and drove his father's team bred in the sea ; not Pegasos flying on high so quickly cut the air on his long wings, as the feet of the seabred horses covered their course on land unapproachable.

on a high hill, to see the race, and watched from Xepalv €7rc7rAaTay7;a£ #ccu laxt ntvBoii 4cfrj a distance the course of the galloping horses. One stood anxious, another shook a finger and beckoned to a driver to hurry. Another possessed with the fever of horses' rivalry, felt a mad heart galloping along with his favourite driver ; another who saw a man running ahead of his favourite, clapt his hands and shouted in melancholy tones, cheering on, laughing, trembling, warning the driver. Bear, now flew high aloft, now skimmed the earth scarcely touching the surface of dust. The track of the car dashing straight on with quick circling wheel scratched the sandy soil as it passed. Then there was a confused struggle; the dust also was stirred and rose to the horses' chests, their manes shook in the airy breezes, the busy drivers shouted all with one voice together louder than their cracka swift leap was first of all pressing on his seachariot.

Erechtheus was close upon him whipping up his team, and you might almost say you saw the second car ready to climb aboard the car of the maritime Telchis ; for the spirited stallion of Erechtheus was up in the air, panting and snorting with both nostrils, so as to warm the back of the other charioteer. The eyes of Scelmis were turned back again and again on the other driver, and he might have pulled Erechtheus' horse by the mane, and the foaming stallion might have shaken his jaw with a quick jerk and spat out the bit ; but Erechtheus checked the car, and turned it to one side with a vigorous pull at the " Moving faster than Ursa Maior, otherwise the Waggon dfiTTcXocv aT€(fos oAAo #ca4 ovK cAa ctav iXcuff¥. " Koipavc KcKpoTTi-qs, iTmoaacK IIoAAaf a rfTiM p, 330 oi?To aos" vacTTjg MapaOutviov Jmrov iXtumtm stout reins, wrenching the horses jaws slowly towards himself. Then again he drove close, having escaped the disaster of a horse without bit and bridle. And Scelmis when he saw him making for his car shouted in threatening tones — a match with horses of the sea ! Pelops long ago driving another car of my father's" beat in a race the unconquered horses of Oinomaos. As guide of my horsemanship I will call on the Horse God of the deep : you, my friend the horse flogger, direct all your hope to Athena the Perfect Webster. I do not want your paltry olive ; I'll carry off a different garland, a vinewreath and not your trumpof Scelmis made him angrier than before, and his quick intelligent mind began at once to weave plots and plans. His hands went on with his driving, but in his heart he uttered a quick prayer to Athena the queen of his own city in his own country language, to crave help in his horsemanship : mothered ! As thou didst conquer Poseidon in thy contest, ' so may Erechtheus thy subject, who drives a horse of Marathon, conquer Poseidon's son ! " colts and brought up level car to car and yoke to yoke, and with his left hand caught at the mouth of his rival's horse, and pulled at the heavy grip of the bit, forcing back by the bridle the car running by his side ; with his right hand he lashed his own dpG€va GOV VLKTjaev dprj-yova BijXv A0ijvn," highnecked steeds putting on a spurt. So he took the place of Scelmis on the course, and made that charioteer fall behind. Then he looked back with a laughing countenance on the son of Poseidon, and mocked him in his turn with raillery, the words tumbling over his shoulder in a stream — better man than you, for my old ambling mare Swiftfoot has beaten your Piebald, with Zephyros for sire, a horse too, and a young one, and one that can run on the sea without getting wet ! If you are so proud of the skill of Pelops and praise the seacoursing car of your father, it was Myrtilos ° who contrived that cheating victory, with his clever invention, when he made a wax model of an axle to deceive his master.

If you are haughty because of your father Earthshaker, the Horse God as you call him, who rides in the chariot of the deep, himself lord of the sea and master of the trident, Athena, a female, has beaten your backer, the male ! " past the Telchis. Next after him came Phaunos flogging his fourhorse team. Fourth was Actaion the cunning and artful, who had not forgotten his father's good advice ; and the last was Tyrsenian Achates. His car was just behind Phaunos and catching him up, when with a sharper cut of the whip, he turned his horses aside and drove them up level, sUpping by the driver and getting a little in front, then pressing his knees against the rail, he scraped the rival car nth his own crossing car and scratched the horse's legs with his running wheel. The car was upset, and over Tpetg €v vrrep SaTTcSoto trtXov -ntirrrfortf It the wreckage three of the horses lay fallen on the ground, one on the flank, one on the belly, one on the neck. But one kept clear by a swerve and re mained standing, his feet firmly rooted on the earth, shaking his trembling neck ; he supported the whole leg of the horse yoked next to him, and lifting the yokeband pulled the car up again. There they were in a mess on the ground ; the driver rolled in the dirt beside his wheel, close to the car, the skin of his forehead barked, his chin soiled, his arm stretched out in the dust and the elbow torn by the ground.

The driver leapt up quickly, and in a moment he was standing beside his wrecked car, dragging up the prostrate horse with shamed hand and flogging the discomfited beast with quick lash. Bold Actaion watched Phaunos in difficulties beside his car, and made merry at his plight : your unwilling horses. That will do, it's all of no use ! I shall be there first, and I will inform Dionysos that Phaunos will let all the other drivers pass, and he will come in last dragging his own car. Spare your whip. It really makes me sorry to see your poor horses torn like that with a fleshcutting prick ! " speaker drove his team quickly on with speeding whip. He pulled at the thick tails of the horses lying on the ground, and with great difficulty made the beasts get up from the dust. One colt which had struggled out of the untied yokestrap he brought back again and fastened into the bridle. . He put the feet of the struggling horses into their places on both sides, and mounted the car, taking his stand firmly in it, then once more whipt up the team with Tov dpaaifv AKraio va f vXdaG€0, fin at iCijp OOC his terrible lash. Harder than ever Phaunos drove and urged on his galloping horses, quicker than ever he pursued the driver in front of him — and he caught up the team ahead, for horsegod Earthshaker put spirit into the horses to honour his bold son. Then seeing a narrow pass by a beetling cliff, he wove a tangled web of deceitful artifice, to catch Achates and pass him by skilful driving.

of rain pouring from the sky had torn by the side of the course under the wintry scourge of Zeus ; the torrent of rain confined there had cut away a strip of earth and hollowed the ground so as to form a narrow ridge. Achates when he got there had unwillingly checked his car, to avoid a collision with the approaching driver ; and as Phaunos galloped upon him, he called out in a trembUng voice — tips of your harness are still covered with sand ! You have not yet dusted your untidy horses ! Clean off your dirt ! What's the good of all that driving ? I fear I may see you tumbling and struggling again ! Take care of that bold Actaion, or he may catch you and flick your back with his leather thong and shoot you headlong into the dust again. You still show scratches on your round cheeks. Why do you still rage , Phaunos, bringing disgrace alike on Poseidon your father and Helios your gaffer ? Pray have respect for the mocking throat of the Satyrs — beware of the Seilenoi and the attendants of Dionysos, or they may laugh at your dirty car ! Where are your herbs and your plants, where all the drugs of Circe ? All have left you, all, as soon as you began this race. Who Kal a€0 KVfipaxov dpfia Kai avxfiatovoav uiooBXffp ; ' OaXTTOjievov 4 a€dovTi XvStis dnan Xio d(w¥ cjKVTcpr) fidariyi 'napriXv6€ OatVo9 'A fcinp', oAAoi 8 aXXos epi oVf art l 6afi€vwv hpoyjw It will tell your proud mother the tale of a tumbling chariot and a filthy whip ? " shouted in mockery : but Nemesis recorded that big speech. Now Phaunos came close and drove alongside. Chariot struck chariot, and hitting the middle bolt with his axle he broke it with his rolhng wheel — the other wheel rolled off by itself and fell twisting on the ground, as with the chariot of Oinomaos, when the wax of the false axle melted in Phaethon's heat and ended the horsemanship of that furious driver.

Achates remained in the narrow way, while Phaunos in his car, leaning over the rail of his four-in-hand, passed him with speeding whip as if he did not hear ; he lifted his lash more than ever, flogging the necks of the galloping horses beyond pursuit. Now he was next behind Actaion, as far as the long throw of a hurtling quoit when some stout lad casts it with quarrelhng and betting upon the uncertain victory that was not yet. They lay their wagers on the stormfoot horses — tripod or cauldron or sword or shield ; native quarrelled with native, friend with comrade, old with old and young with young, man with man. All took sides shouting in confusion, one praised up Achates, a second would prove Phaunos the worse, for falling to the ground from his upset car ; another maintained that Erechtheus was second behind Telchis the driver from the sea ; another would have it that the resourceful man of Athens was visible Ittttovs €vBa Kal €v6a Karwfia&6¥ aliw LikMMr close by, that his team was in front and he had won after passing Scelmis the leading driver.

came in first, a near thing ! unceasingly lashing his horses right and left dowTi from the shoulder. Sweat ran in rivers over the horses' necks and hairy chests, their driver was sprinkled with plentiful dry spatterings of dust ; the car was running hard on the horses' footsteps amid rising whirls, and the undisturbed surface of the light dust was disturbed by the rolling tyres. After this flying race, he came into their midst in his car. He wiped off with his dress the sweat which poured from his wet brow, and quickly got out of the car. He rested his long whip against the fine yoke, and his groom Amphidamas unloosed the horses. Then quickly with happy hand he lifted the first prize of victory, quiver and bow and helmeted woman, and shook the flat half-shield with the boss in the middle. behind as the round wheel is behind the running horse — as he gallops, the hairy tip of his long waving tail just touches the tyre. He took the second prize, the mare in foal, and gave her in charge to Damnamenes, offering her with jealous hand.

corselet shining vith gold, the gorgeous work of car. He lifted the shield with rounded silver avxfi'rjprj? fiedcncjv rri Xtu va «rfu«a Kari»fg, dvepi vifcqaavri baavrpi a ravpov oAAoj TTLOva ravpov, €ws crt ;(c a9 OMipm," boss, and he still showed those relics of the dirty slowroUing car, a Sicilian groom displayed two ingots of gold, a consolation from his kind friend the that. For the first man, he offered a bull from an Indian stall as a prize ; for the second, he put up a barbaric manicoloured shield which had been a treasure of the blackskin Indians. Then standing up he called with urgent voice for competitors, inviting two men to contend for the prize of ready hands : victor in this contest shall have a shaggy bull, to the loser I will give a shield with many layers of seus stood up, one well practised and famihar with boxing ; and seizing the bull's horn he shouted these For I will not let another have the fat bull as long as I can hold up my hands !

Eurymedon rose to face him, one to whom Hermes had given the gear of stronglimbed boxing. This man, a son of Hephaistos, had always been used to remain busy beside his father's furnace hammering away at the beaten anvil. Now his brother Alcon attended him full of excitement, placed his body-belt beside him and fitted the girdle to his loins, coiled the gests : the word imitates Homer, II. xxiii. 683, irapaKd aXcv. he iTCfyrjv yvfivolo Kdrw fta oiO rtrau air. straps of dry leather neatly round his brother's long hands. Then the champion advanced into the ring, holding his left hand on guard before his face like a natural shield, and the fleshcutting straps of his artificial hand did for a wrought lance. Always he kept on his defence before the dangerous attack of his adversary, that he might not get one in upon brow or forehead, or land on the face and draw blood, or smash his temple with a lucky blow, tearing a way to the very centre of his busy brain, or with a hard hook over the temples tear the eyes out of his blinded face, and smash his bloody jaw and drive in a long row of his sharp teeth.

landed one high up on the chest ; he countered with a lead at the face but missed — hit nothing but air. Shaking with excitement, he skipt round the man past his chest with a side-step and brought home his right on the exposed breast under the nipple. Then they clinched, one against the other, shifting a bit their feet carefully in short steps, hands making play against hands : as the blows fell in quick succession the straps wreathed about their fingers made a terrible noise. Cheeks were torn, drops of blood stained the handstraps, their jaws resounded under the blows, the round cheeks swelled and spread on the puffy face, the eyes of both sunk in hollows. his artful dodging. He had to stand with the sun shining intolerably in his face and blinding his eyes ; Melisseus rushed in, dancing about with quickened " Nonnos had never seen any real boxing, and is thinking of the brutal and unscientific Roman slogging with the a vio yvaByiov €nHlf€V vn ovaroi' aihap 6 twists and turns, and popped in a sudden one on the jaw beneath the ear ; and Eurymedon being distressed fell on his back and rolled in the dust helpless, fainting, like a drunken man. He inclined his head to one side and spat out a foam of thickish blood. His brother Alcon slung him over his back and gloomily carried him out of the ring, stunned by the blow and unconscious, then quickly lifted the great Indian shield.

petitors in wrestling, and announced the contest for this prize. He offered a tripod of twenty measures as prize for the wanner, and brought out a cauldron with flower-ornaments reserved for the defeated man. Then he rose, and called out with announcing voice, Dionysos, Aristaios first rose, then second Aiacos, one well schooled in the lore of strongarmed wrestling. The athletes came forward naked but for the body-belts that hid their unseen loins. They both began by grasping each the other's wrists, and wTcathed this way and that way, and pulled each other in turn over the surface of the widespread dust, holding the arms in a close grip of the fingers. Between the two men it was like ebb and flow, man drawing man with evenly balanced pulls, dragging and dragged ; for they hugged each other with both arms and bent the neck, and pressed head to head on the middle of the forehead, pushing steadily downwards. Sweat ran from their rubbed foreheads to show the hard struggle ; the backs of both were bent by the pull Aatoy Apujraioio no o KutXriira nardfoig of the arms, and pressed hard by the two pairs of twined hands. Many a weal ran up of itself and made a purple pattern with the hot blood, until the fellows' bodies were marked with it.

various tricks of the wrestler's art. Then first Aristaios got his arms round his adversary and heaved him bodily from the ground. But Aiacos the crafty did not forget his cunning skill ; with insinuating leg he gave a kick behind the left knee of Aristaios, and rolled him over bodily, helpless upon his back on the ground, for all the world like a falling cliff. The people round about all gazed with astonished eyes at the son of Phoibos, so grand, so proud, so famous, taking a fall ! Next Aiacos without an effort lifted the gigantic son of Cyrene high above the ground, to be an example of valour for his future sons, Peleus the unwearying and Telamon the mighty °: he held the man in his arms, bending neither back nor upright neck, carrying the man with both arms by the middle, so that they were like a couple of cross-rafters which some carpenter has made to calm the stormy compulsion of the winds. Aiacos threw down the man at full length in the dust, and got on his adversary's back as he lay, thrust both legs along under his belly and bent them in a close clasp just below the knees, pressing foot to foot, and encircling the ankles ; quickly he stretched himself over his adversary's more exact : the two wrestlers stand on the ground, leaning against each other, like two rafters in a roof.

avxp-rjpfj ipafiddo) Sitpriv paSa uyya t(a0aipaf¥, dcpfjL-qv Tpipofi€voio Kor ovx v Ufii&a wiftmttv, pancration, ' all-in " wrestling. In true mU oaly back and wound his two hands over each other round the neck like a necklace, interlacing his fingers, and so made his arms a fetter for the neck. Sweat poured in streams and soaked the dust, but he wiped away the running drops with dry sand, that his adversary might not slip out of his encircling grip by the streams of hot moisture which he sent out of his squeezed neck. came running up at full speed, men chosen to be overseers of the games, that the victor might not kill him with those strangling arms. For there was then no such law as in later days their successors invented, for the case when a man overwhelmed by the suffocating pain of a noose round the neck testifies the victory of his adversary with significant silence, by tapping the victor with submissive hand. measure tripod as the servants of the victorious prince ; and Actaion quickly lifted the cauldron, his father's second prize, and carried it away with sorro vful hand.

For the first man he offered as treasures of victory a silver mixing-bowl and a woman captive of the spear ; for the second he offered a Thessalian horse with dappled neck ; for the last, a sharp sword with wellwrought sling-strap. He rose and made the announcement, calling for quickfoot runners : falls counted (in which A throws B off his feet while still " The name inferred from what follows. A line has wagging his experienced knees. Next ran up fleet Erechtheus, a man full of craft, and dear to Victorious Pallas ; after him fleetfoot Priasos, one from the arable land of Cybele. Off they went from scratch. Ocythoos led, light as the stormwind on his feet, going straight ahead and keeping his lead. Close behind came Erechtheus second at full speed, with his breath beating on the back of Ocythoos close by, and warming his head with it : as near as the rod lies between the web and the breast of a girl who loves the shuttle, when she holds it at measured distance with skilful hand working at the loom, so much was he behind Ocythoos, and he trod in his footmarks on the ground before the dust could settle in them. Then it would have been a dead heat ; but Ocythoos saw this rival running pace for pace with himself, so he made a spurt and ran past the fellow by a longer distance, as much as a man's pace.

Then Erechtheus anxious for victory addressed a prayer to Boreas and cried out : own bride, if you still cherish a sweet passion for my girl, your sweetheart ! Lend me the speed of your swift wings for one hour, that I may pass kneequick Ocythoos now in front ! " him swifter than the rapid gale. All three were moving their legs like the wind, but the balance was not equal for all : as far as Erechtheus was behind Ocythoos running before him with swift foot, so far behind, near storms wift Erechtheus, was Priasos the proud son of Phrygia. So they ran on, until just as the end of the race was coming for their bounding drJK€v dyu)v, ircpcp he Suivyea KVKXd&a fiirpnjv, 970 feet, kneeswift Ocythoos slipt in the dirt, where was an infinite heap of dung from those cattle which had been slaughtered by the Mygdonian knife of Dionysos beside the tomb. But he sprang backwards with a quick- whirling spring of his foot and jumped back again, then off he went — and he would have quickly passed the travelling step of his rival running in front if there had been even a little space to run : whereby he would either have made a dead heat by a spurt or he would have passed ing-bowl, that treasure adorned with curious workmanship on the surface ; Ocythoos took off the Thessalian horse ; Priasos quietly walked in third, and received the sword with silver sling-strap. The company of Satyrs laughed in mocking spirit when they saw the Corybant smeared all over with dirt, and spitting out the dung that filled his throat.

and laid it before him, and summoned competitors to put the weight. For the first, he brought and offered two spears and a helmet with horsehair crest ; for the second, a brilliant round body-girdle ; for the third, a flat bowl ; and for the fourth a fawnskin, which the craftsman of Zeus had fastened with a golden brooch. Then he rose, and made his announcement among them in a rousing tone : Melisseus ; second after him came footlifting Halimedes, and third, Eurymedon, and fourth, Acmon. The four stood in a row side by side. Melisseus took dpL ideTOv KTcpas cIAc KaT7] f i.6atv he trpoawvi the lump, swung it well and threw : the Seilenoi laughed loudly at the fellow's miserable throw! Second, Eurymedon rested his hand on the weight took the lump, swung it well with experienced wrist, and cast the heavy missile hurtling through the air ; the missile travelled through the air hke the wind, and passed Eurymedon 's mark by a longer measure, whirling swiftly. Then Halimedes, towering high on his feet, sent the weight travelling through the air to the mark: the mass whistled amid the stormwinds in the sky when hurled by that strong hand — for it flew like an arrow straight from a bow, twirled by unstable breezes ; down from the sky to the earth it fell after its long leap, and rolled along the ground still under the impulse of the accomplished hand, moving of itself, until it had passed all the marks. The spectators of the contest crowded and cheered all together, amazed at the unchecked movement of the weight bounding along.

and went off with the highplumed helmet shaking the pair of spears. Acmon came shuffling up and lifted the body-belt shining with gold ; third Eurymedon took up his treasure, the brand-new bowl with two handles ; Melisseus with downcast countenance lifted the dappled fawnskin. of the bow, the offering for good archery. He led out for the contest a hardy sevenyear mule, and made it stand before the company ; and laid down a well-finished goblet as prize of victory to be kept for the less competent man. Then Euryalos planted a ship's tall mast in the ground, upright above the OS §€ TrapaTfAaJotTO TrcAciaSoj ciV a f woi' tXtntv, To evTTjp Yp,€vaLos eTOLfjLOTdTTjs drro vrvpiff d vrepov TTpoeiqKe, TreXeidSos din-a rtramtfy sandy soil, and fastened a wild pigeon by a string to the top of the mast, winding a light cord about the two feet. The god called to all those assembled for the games, inviting any to shoot at the flying let him receive this valuable mule as witness to his victory : whoever shall draw at the mark and miss the pigeon, leaving the bird unwounded by the barbed arrow, but shall touch the string with his feathered shaft, he will be a worse shot and he shall receive a worse prize ; for instead of the mule he shall carry off the goblet, that he may pour a libation to Archer Apollo and Winegod Dionysos." Then Hymenaios the longshot, with his flowing hair, came forward [and after him Asterios. The lot fell to Asterios ;] and he taking aim straight at the mast in front of him, with his Cnossian bow and the string pulled back from it, let fly the first shot, and hit the string. When the shaft cut the string, the bird flew away up into the sky and the cord fell to the ground.

Archer Hymenaios followed round the bird's high course with his eye and watched for him over the clouds ; he had his bowstring quite ready, and let fly a swift shot through the air at his highflying mark, aiming at the pigeon. The winged arrow sped travelling through the air visible on high, grazing the surface of the cloud in the middle, whistling at the winds. Apollo held the shot straight, keeping faith with his lovesick brother Dionysos ; the point hit the flying pigeon and struck it upon the breast as it sped, and the bird fell through the air quick as the wind to the earth, with heavy head, and half-dead opdcjdclg 8 dydpcuf, Siko 8 cVcAcikjc a pptuff, xdXKCOV €yxos €xojv, noXvSaiSaXov dtm&a inXkunt, 7W the pigeon beat about with its wings in the dust, fluttering about the feet of Dionysos weaver of victory, and clapt his hands to applaud Hymenaios ; and the company one and all who were present at the contest were astonished at the long shot of Hymenaios near the clouds. Dionysos laughing led forward with his own hands the mule which was due as a prize to Hymenaios, and gave it to him ; and the comrades of Asterios lifted his prize, match at casting the javelin, and brought forward Indian prizes, a pair of greaves, and a stone from the Indian sea. He rose and made his announcement, and called for two warriors, bidding them show a fictitious image of bloodless battle, with not-killing steel in sport : knows only Ares gentle and Enyo tranquil." shaking his weapons of steel ; and Aiacos stept forward, holding a bronze spear and shaking a shield gorgeously adorned, like a lion in the country charging a bull or a shaggy boar. Both these spearmen of Ares marched forward covered nth steel corselets.

Asterios cast a furious spear with the vigour of Minos his father, and he wounded the right arm grazing the skin. Aiacos, doing a deed worthy of his father Zeus Lord in the highest, aimed his iron spear at the gullet and tried to pierce the throat right in the middle ; but Bacchos checked him and caught the deadly blade, that he might not strike the neck with the cast spear. Then he made them both stop, and called out with wild voice — battle. This is a peaceful war, a contest without " " So he spoke. Aiacos proudly received the prize of battlestirring victory, and took the golden greaves, which he handed over to his servant. Asterios carried off the second prize, the Indian stone taken by force of arms.