BOOK XXXVI

motherless Pallas, rushed forwards in her turn and raised her birthmate spear, the weapon as old as herself, with which at her birth she leapt out of her father's pregnant head born in armour. Huge Ares was hit, and sank to the ground on one knee ; but Athena helped him up and sent him back to his dear mother Hera unwounded, when the duel was pion for hillranging Dionysos, and rounded her bow aiming straight. Hera as ready for conflict seized one of the clouds of Zeus, and compressed it across her shoulders where she held it as a shield proof against all ; and Artemis shot arrow after arrow moving through the airy vault in vain against that mark, until her quiver was empty, and the cloud still unbroken she covered thick with arrows all over. It was the very image of a flight of cranes moving in the air and circling one after another in the figure of a wreath : the arrows were stuck in the dark cloud, but the veil was untorn and the wounds without blood. Then Hera picked up a rough ilhissile of the air, a frozen mass of hail, circled it and struck Artemis with the jagged mass. The sharp stony lump broke the curves of the bow. But the consort of Zeus did not stop the fight there, but struck Artemis flat on the skin of the breast, and Artemis smitten by the weapon of ice emptied her quiver upon the ground. Then the wife of Zeus mocked at her : you quarrel with your betters ? Climb your crags — what is war to you ? Wear your trumpery shoes and let Athena wear the greaves. Stretch your Kal AtVa a€LO rivaaa hoXoirXoKa' po oMM yap cunning nets. Dogs, not winged arrows, hunt and kill your beasts. You handle no weapon to kill lions ; the sweats of your paltry labours are timid hares. Attend to your stags and your horned team, attend to your stags : why should you exalt the son of Zeus, the driver of panthers and the charioteer of lions ? Keep your bow, if you like, for Eros also bends a bow. What you ought to do, you virgin marriage-hater, you midwife, is to carry the cestus, love's ferry, the helper of childbed, in company with Eros and the Paphian : for you have power over birth. Begone then to the bedchambers of women in labour of child, you the guide of creative birth, and shoot women with the arrows of childbirth ; be like a lion beside the young wife in labour, be midwife rather than warrior. Nay, cease to be chaste yourself because of your chaste girdle, since Zeus our Lord on High assumes your shape to woo virgins unwedded. The Arcadian woods still tell of that love-stealing copy of you which seduced unwedded Callisto ; the mountains lament still your bear who saw and understood, and reproached the false enamoured image of the Archeress, when a female paramour entered a woman's bed. Come, throw away your useless quiver, and cease fighting with Hera who is stronger than you. Fight Cythereia, if you like, the childbed-nurse against the marriage- '' So Hera spoke, and passed on, leaving Artemis discomfited and drunken with fear. Phoibos threw found if the reader compares this book with the passages cited in the note on the title of this book.

she was afterwards changed into a bear (authors differ as to oXku) KVfiaTocvTt, adXag koI r6(a rpituyjf, Ovpavlrjg be ctAayyo? xmlprtpov yov okoCuiv no connexion beb een them. Mere, then, Firr b ficbtiiw both his arms about her in pity, and brought her out of the turmoil ; he left her in a lonely coppice, and returned unnoticed to join the battle of the of the deep, Phoibos, to fight with Poseidon. He set shaft on string, and also lifted a brand of Delphic fir in each hand doubledextrous, to use fire against the surging sweep of water, and arrows against the trident. Fiery lance and watery arrows crashed together : while Phoibos defended, his home the upper air rattled a thunderclap for a battlesong ; the stormy trumpet of the sea brayed in the ears of Phoibos — a broadbeard Triton boomed with his own proper conch, like a man half-finished, from the loins down a greeny fish — the Nereids shouted the battlecry — Arabian Nereus pushed up out of the sea and bellowed, shaking his trident.

the noise of the heavenly fray above ; he feared that the Earthshaker, beating and lashing the solid ground with the earthquake-shock of his waves, might lever out of gear the whole universe with his trident, might move the foundations of the abysm below and show the forbidden sight of the earth's bottom, might burst all the veins of the subterranean channels and pour his water away into the pit of Tartaros, to flood the mouldering gates of the lower world. and the trumpets of the underworld added their noise. But Hermes lifted his rod as peacemaker and " If this means anything, it signifies that his bow and arrows ( = sunrays) were of fire. dcvaou kXvgg€i,€ to ScvrcfK) ' orruya tcoofAov, " As he was between Poseidon and Athena. checked both parties, and addressed one speech to three of the immortals : Archer, throw to the winds your bow and your brand, and you, your pronged trident : lest the Titans laugh to see a battle among the gods. Let there not be intestine war in heaven once again, after that conflict with Cronos which threatened Olympos : let me not see another war after the affray with lapetos. Let not Zeus be aflgry again for lateborn Bacchos as for Zagreus, and set the whole earth ablaze with his fire a second time, and pour down showers of rain through the air to flood the circuit of the eternal universe. I hope I may not behold the sea in the sky and Selene's car soaking ; may Phaethon never again have his fiery radiance cooled !

sea ; do this grace to your father's brother, because Earthshaker the ruler of the brine honours your seagirt Delos : cease not to love your palmtree, to remember your ohve. » And Earthshaker, what second Cecrops will be judge here ? What second Inachos ' has awarded her city to Hera that you take arms against Apollo as well as Athena, and seek a second quarrel after your quarrel with Hera ? — And you, horned one, father of great Deriades, beware of the fire of Hephaistos after the torch of Bacchos, or he may consume you with his firepronged thunderstrife. Then Deriades, mad and furious, when he ' When Poseidon and Hera strove for possession of Argos ; usually Phoroneus is said to have judged between them. on aaTC' AryptaSry? he KopvamaBut Atoyvatft, OvpGOfiavrjs Alowgos iprjfiovofiwv GTi a $Tipa 166 saw the Bacchants unharmed, began the battle again ; when he saw Bacchos whole on the field he goaded his fugitive captains to rally, and to footmen and horsemen alike he roared his barbaric threats in a hair, or his assault shall destroy the Indian nation !

You, fall on the Satyrs and check them by main force : let Deriades confront Dionysos. Burn the vine plants and all the various gear of Bacchos and set fire to their camp ; bring the Mainalids as slaves to triumphant Deriades ; consume with fire every thyrsus of the enemy ; as for the oxhorned Seilenoi and the crowds of Satyrs, shear off like a crop all their heads with devastating steel, and hang the oxhorned skulls in strings round all our houses. May Phaethon not turn his fireblazing horses to his setting before I bring in the Satyrs, and Bacchos bound with galling fetters, with his spotted cloak torn to rags on his chest by my spear and his thyrsus thrown away. Bum to ashes with my brand the long flowing hair of the women and their wreaths of vine ! Courage all ! After the Indian battle you may sing the glorious victory of Deriades, that even in many generations to come people may shiver to face the unconquerable Indians born of the Earth ! " his chieftains he goaded on the drivers of the elephants, those creatures of endless life, and set the chiefs in their places to lead the army of footsoldiers to the battle in close columns. With equal passion for the fight, Bacchos thyrsusmad drove to the combat his line of wild beasts from the wilderness. These mountainbred warriors roaring under the divine whip rushed madly on. Many wild beasts were there with their weapons in their mouths. There were serpents spitting from their ravening teeth fountains of poison, which they sent farshot into the air with hissing gape and rattling throat. Leaping sideways and darting at their foes, the snaky arrows found a mark which offered itself ; the bodies of the Indians were surrounded and imprisoned by the coils, the feet of men starting to run were entangled in a rope.

The war-niaddened women imitated the attack of Phidaleia " the snakethrower, who once was stung to show what a woman could do in battle, and conquered her enemies with clusters of snakes. like a longshafted spear bespattered Deriades, and his corselet of steel was wetted by the deadly drops. Dead on the ground lay a body struck by a living missile, lifeless with a living shot in him. A panther leapt through the air with his feet upon the curved neck of a straightleg elephant, and stuck close to the monster's head delaying the course of all the longlegged elephants. A great swarm fell, when they heard the lions from the wilderness and the terrible loud roar resounding from their throats. One was conquered trembling at the bellow of a bull, and seeing the point of his formidable horn stabbing sideways into the air ; another leaped into flight shuddering at the jaws of a bear ; the hounds of an invincible Pan gave tongue one after another, in " Wife of Byzas, founder of Byzantium. The Scjrthians attacked the city in his absence, and she drove them oflF by throwing snakes at them.

avvrj 8 dfi(t or€poiaiv ofioivyof €V EtmA concert with the roars of the wild beasts, and the swarthy Indians feared their loudbarking attack. the thirsty earth was inundated with blood and gore in the common carnage, and Lethe was choked with that great multitude of corpses brought low and scattered on every side. Hades heaved up his bar in the darkness, and opened his gates wider for the common carnage ; as they descended into the pit the banks of Charon's river echoed the rumblings of the wounds of the falling combatants on both sides. One struck in the throat slipt from his horse, one pierced through the chest in his rounded bosom, one wounded in the belly fell from a chariot. Another hit just in the midnipple with a barbed arrow rolled himself over to meet approaching death ; one fell struck right on the waist, one through the shoulder, another left his swift horse struck, and fleeing on foot fell pierced by a lance through the spine.

Another, felled before the down was on his face, mourned for his yearsmate youth. Another mortally wounded by an arrow in the liver, fell tumbling off his elephant with a thud into the dust ; his head sank on the ground, he scrabbled with his hands and clutched the bloody soil in despair. had filled the hollow of his shield with dust, and fixed his foot firmly awaiting the man's onset. Pushing out the handsome shield in his bold hand, he smothered the horse's head with sand. The horse reared wildly and threw up his head shaking the dust KafiTTvXa 5' evXdiyyo a-nttrnHv attpa xpXanB Kvavcov npofiaxoio hUBpia€v avBtptw a, Kal Kcvcfj TToAcftifev in cArrSi, TTjXucof M , out of his mane, and spat out the curved ends of his jewelled bit. His champing teeth and jaw were covered with foam, he rose high, shaken, mad, and now free of the bit he rose up on his hind legs quivering and shivering his outstretched neck ; then pawing the dust vith his hoof he shot his rider flying to the ground. The other man rushed fiercely upon him as he lay, with svnft sword drawn, and cut the throat of the black soldier stretched on the driver's whip hard by, took fright and bolted in retreat, trampHng on his own rider, who lay wounded and dying, poor wretch, gasping in the dust.

midable, nine cubits high, equal to Alcyoneus, went raging through the fighting hosts of Bacchos. He wished after the battle to drag a company of Bassarids to his bed, and no brideprice paid for the forced bridals. But that was an empty hope he fought for, that mighty man : Hke bold Otos, ' who would tread the forbidden ground of heaven for lust of the holy bed of Archeress the unwedded ; like Ephialtes, whose love was for wedlock with pure Athena, when he attacked Olympos in the clouds on high. Such was Colletes, gigantic, heavenhigh, having in him the sacrilegious blood of his giant ancestor the founder of the Indian race. He was great enough to put Ares in prison Uke the sons of Iphimedeia. But huge as he was, a woman killed Iphimedeia, tried to scale heaven by piling mountains on one another, Horn. Od. xi. 305 fF. (That they did it to win goddesses to wife is a later fancy ; in Homer they are children.) him with a sharp stone, Charopeia a leader of the necked girl, spoke in trembling tones with wonder and anger mixed : your spear ! Ares, you are conquered ! Leave the Caucasos, for Dionysos is bringing another sort of Amazons into the field, to kill men. Shieldless they rout men-at-arms. Not from your Thermodon has he brought his women. I have seen a strange and incredible spectacle ; the Amazons of Dionysos have no shields on their shoulders, carry no valiant spear ; with strong corselets and all, the Caucasian women do not so play the heroes. The Bacchant women cast bunches of leaves from foliage-loving hands, and they need no steel. Alas for the madman Deriades, when women tear coats of mail with their missile which the Bacchant girl picked up and killed that huge highheaded man.

zied Bacchants, and pursued Charope who threw the stone ; but she escaped, and took her stand fighting boldly beside Dionysos, stabbing with her flowery thyrsus in the Euian battle. Then Deriades killed Orithallos with his spear, one of the Curetian tribe from the land of the Abantes. Their chief MeHsseus in anger for his comrade's fall, struck down Cyllaros king of the Carminians, cutting his throat with his sharp sword, and Logasides, who alone, because he was accomplished in the art of war, was more precious to Deriades than any of the bold Indian spearmen, TTTJ 8c dveXX-qeaoa Kopvoa€To fiaivofuvi) Aof , and the king loved him best after Morrheus — often he touched one table with Orsiboe herself and the king, living in the family with the king's daughters, for both with spear and wits he surpassed all his yearsmates. Then many a captain fought against capspear with thyrsus. As the chieftain stabbed and thrust, the god changed his shape, and put on all sorts of varied forms. Sometimes he confronted him as a wild storm of fire, shooting tongues of crooked flame through dancing smoke. Sometimes he was running water, rolling delusive waves and sprinkling watery shots. Or taking on the exact image of a lion's face, he lifted high his chin straight up and let out a harsh roar through the hairy throat, with a noise like his loudcrashing father's rattling thunder.

Next like something with an overshadowing mass of variegated fruitage he changed into another shape, and like a sapling of the earth he ran up selfmade, bursting into the sky untouched, a perfect pine, or a plane ; for his head changed and his hair became what seemed the counterfeit foliage of a tree, his belly lengthened into the trunk, he made his arms the boughs and his dress the bark and rooted his feet, and knocking up with his long branches he whispered into the face of the fighting king. Then he wove a dappled pattern over his limbs, and like a panther he was up in the air with flying leaps, and dropping with gentle steps upon the neck of some lofty elephant ; opdos oTnadihioio nohog arr)pt €TO naXfLw, dvTiTVTTOV he AcovTO? iov hopv nrj e furttrnm, fivOov dneLXrjTrjpa ;fco v noXvtiB i Baic; a the elephant lunging sideways smashed the car and shot the impious driver to the ground, shaking off yokepads and bit and bridle." Even though fallen the gigantic warrior would not leave him alone, but fought with Lyaios transformed and wounded the panther with his spear. But again the god changed his shape : a moving firebrand he rose high, heating the air and shooting a fiery bolt through the wind, running all over the breast and shaggy chest of Deriades. His Arabian mailcoat was blackened as the gusts of smoke struck on his white flanks from above and the sparks fell on him ; his crest burnt up and the helmet grew hot, half-scorched upon the firestruck wearer. [Then he took a lion's shape, and . . . ] From a grim lion he changed to a wild boar, opening the wide gape of his hairy throat, and bringing his bristles close to the belly of Deriades he stood up straight rearing on his hind legs, and tore through his flank with sharp hooves.

unsubstantial phantoms, driven by vain hopes, ever seeking to grasp the intangible image with hands that could not touch. At last he thrust his lance in the face of the lion before him, and cried threatenings against Bacchos of many shapes : tricks instead of battle ? Do you fear Deriades, that you change into so many strange forms ? The panther of runaway Dionysos does not frighten me, his bear I shoot, his tree I cut down vith my sword, the pretended lion I will tear in the flank ! Well then, I muster against you my wise Brahmans, unarmed. " He seems to see the elephant yoked to a chariot, as at Pompey's triumph. Several lines are lost here. For they go naked ; but their inspired incantations have often enchanted Selene as she passes through the air Hke an untamed bull, and brought her down from heaven, and often stayed the course of Phaethon swiftly driving his hurrying car." Bacchos, and his mind was still unbeUeving : with implacable will he hoped to contrive some scheme of magic against Dionysos, and to conquer the son of Zeus by mystic arts.

the god seeing the impious man still foolish, made a vine grow to help his attack. The godsent plant laden with clusters of winefruit crept quietly upon the cart with its silver wheels, and smothered Deriades in its threatening clusters, and entangled him round about and over all, dangling bunch after bunch new grown upon itself before the mad king, shading his face and enveloping the whole man. And Deriades was intoxicated by the sweetsmelling fruit of the selfgrown vine ; it threw fetters not of steel about his two feet, and rooted to the ground the legs of the yoked elephants with trails of unbreakable ivy » : not so firmly is the seagoing barge held fast on the main by the toothed bond of a holdtheship,'' when she fastens her sharp fangs on the timbers. Yes, it was just like that ! In vain the driver whipt up his elephants and swung his cracking lash, tearing the obstinate hide with sharper prickles. The great Indian prince, whom countless blades could not kill, was conquered by the tendrils of a champion vine !

Deriades struggling with his throat entangled in the " This seems the general sense of the Greek. " See xxi. 45 and note. fioxOov oXov poocDV TO Bi haKpvov €irXtro fn vine-twigs was choked and crushed in the winding trails. For all his labour he could not stir ; wherefore he adjured in tones of madness and sent out a stifled cry from a throat now pious, and prayed with voiceless movements shedding tears of supplication ; held out a dumb hand, with eloquent silence uttered all his trouble ; his tears were a voice. and broke off the fettering grapes from Deriades ; then shedding the twines of ivy, he undid the wreathing garland of garden-vines from the yoked elephants' necks. Yet Deriades, now free from the woody bonds of the long branching clusters crawling of themselves, and the constraint which threatened him, did not desist from his wonted threats and boasts. Once more he was the chieftain defying the gods ; he only hesitated whether to slay Bacchos or to make him a slave.

a stop to the fight. Night past, the battle began again ; when they awoke from sleep and bed, the succeeding dawn armed them once more. Dionysos ; yet first there must be many cycles of rolling years while the trumpet blazed the tune of war in vain ; but after the varied course of so many battle-stirring years, now the conflict of Bacchos grew more violent for the end. the command of warmad Dionysos, nor left it for the forgetful winds to care for ; but with one accord they built ships of war for Lyaios. Through the woods they were busy, some here, some there. One was turning pegs, one worked at the middle of the tSfMovcs €V7raXdfJLOLO Koi Hifxiiarov kcu A i . Xaov do AAt feu V irepoSpoos TJi€ KTJpv . keel, one fitted the planks straight over the pairs of ribs, and fastened the long sideplanks fixed to the ribs making the vessel's wall" ; an Arabian shipwright raised upright in the middle of the deep mastbox the mast amidships, reserved for the spreading sail ; and skilled workmen of deft Hephaistos and Athena rounded the wooden yard for the top.

really incomparable art. And Dionysos amid the anxieties of war remembered the prophecy of his own Rheia : that the end of the war would be seen, when Bacchants fought by sea against Indians. Dionysos to serve as commander on the surface of the sea, drove his seachariot undrenched travelling upon its way to the place, where the Rhadamanes, those clever voyagers into foreign parts, had built the ships for seafaring Dionysos. And then circling Time, rolling the wheel of the fourseason year, was whirling along for the sixth year. King Deriades summoned to assembly the blackskin nation of Indians ; the herald with hurrying steps went gathering the people and cried his call in their different languages. At once the many tribes of Indians assembled, and sat down in companies on rows of benches, and prince Morrheus addressed I went through among the mountain strongholds, until the Cilician land and the Assyrian nation bowed their necks as slaves under the yoke of Deriades.

You know also what I have done in resisting Dionysos, BrjyaXeoig 6vvx€(TaL StaTftrj ct V€a9 IvSiov; fighting Satyrs, and cutting off the hateful heads of that oxhorned generation with shearing steel, when I dragged away and delivered to Deriades that fettered swarm of Bassarids, the prizes of war ; and how the paved streets of the city were purpled by their gore as they were massacred, how others had a dance in the air with their necks choked in a throttling noose, how others were swallowed in a deepdug hollow pit and learnt what a watery death is like. But again I weave a better notion still for our people. I hear that the Rhadamanes have built ships for Dionysos the runaway by some woodcutter's art of theirs. However, I fear not the seafighting tree ! When was it known in war that women with paltry leaves kill a man in a ship full of shields ? When will highhom Pan, the crazy ranger of the hills, tear Indian ships to pieces with sharp claws ? No Seilenos can row over the loudrumbhng waters, and sink a ship of war with a peaceful ferule, leaping to bloody dance with frenzied foot, striking up a chant with death in it ; in the sea he will never transfix a man with his bullhorns, and get near enough to cut him in two at the waist and vanquish him. No ! one blow shall send him headlong, and he shall lie in the billows where he will find no tomb ; the Bacchant women struck down with long spears shall sink into the depths of the sea soiled in blood. And the ships of Dionysos I ill destroy, thrusting a twentycubit seafighting spear through Let no one shrink when he sees opposed to us the ships of Bacchos in line ; for Indians are used to fighting by sea, indeed they have more prowess when drjXvfiavij lowaov, oTrdova Ai pio& of." they fight by sea than by land. My invincible steel shall not take many Satyrs ; but instead of two hundred warriors I will drag home one by the hair alone, womanmad Dionysos, to be the servant of suaded implacable Deriades. The people all cheered loudly and applauded the speech : one concordant cry resounded from all throats like the noise of stirring waves. The king dismissed the assembly.

The herald was sent to Bromios to declare war by truce for three circuits of the moon, until they should do the solemn burial rites for the host of the dead who had fallen. So for a short time there was peace, never far from war, spreading abroad a calm that was pregnant with strife. o The transmigration of souls was and is an doctrine ; this was one of the few things about India knowB to the average Greek.